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Introduction. The aim of the study was to find the associations between cardiovascular disease and occupational risk factors of sudden death in the context of the St. Petersburg population. It remains relevant and is part of the problem of a significant mortality rate among working-age people in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. Methods adopted in the study of non-infectious diseases were selected as the primary research methods. The analysis of deaths of employees of enterprises was carried out based on a retrospective cohort. Results. There has been a marked increase in sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the workplace from cardiovascular diseases. The calculation of mortality rates per 10000 workers from cardiovascular diseases showed that the first ranking place in the period since 2016 until 2018 in St. Petersburg was occupied by such types of economic activities as administrative activities (6,05 cases); construction (4,23 cases); provision of electricity, gas and steam (3,63 cases); land transport activities (3,26 cases); financial and insurance activities (3,02 cases) and manufacturing (1,97 cases). The posterior risk of death from diseases of the circulatory system was established to be 1.67 times higher for workers employed in jobs with harmful working conditions. The analysis of SCD showed that the high level of risk for workers is recorded at the age of 50 to 59 years, reaching values of 27,72 (11,33-67,81) (p <0,001). In the course of the study, it was found that the organization of timely medical care in the conditions of health centres of industrial enterprises in the acute period of the development of cardiovascular insufficiency will contribute to a decrease in mortality rates at the workplace by more than three times. Limitations. The study of the causes and indicators of 347 deaths at the workplace was carried out based on official statistics provided by the State Labor Inspectorate in St. Petersburg and registered at industrial enterprises in the period from 2016 to 2018. The study does not include small and medium-sized businesses. Conclusion. The results of assessing the risk of death in the workplace of industrial enterprises in St. Petersburg indicate the need to improve the organization and procedure for investigating, recording and registering such cases in order to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

Introduction: Motor transport with internal combustion engines powered by diesel fuel and gasoline is one of the main sources of ambient air pollution since its emissions pose an urgent medical and environmental challenge. The objective of the study was to identify priority pollutants from emissions of motor vehicles powered by internal combustion engines based on the results of a systematic review in order to substantiate the main preventive strategy to mitigate the associated public health adverse effects. Methods: We did keyword search for relevant publications in several electronic databases, such as the Russian Science Citation Index, CyberLeninka, Scopus, and WoS. Research papers published in 2000–2021 were selected for the analysis. Out of 103 topical full-text publications, 59 works met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Results: We observed that atmospheric emissions of internal combustion engines represent a complex agglomeration of gases, vapors, and particulate matter. The chemicals present in the emissions impair the oxygen transport function by inhibiting cellular respiration, cause irritation of mucous membranes, have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, contribute to the occurrence of acid rains and to global warming. The biological effect of airborne particles largely depends on their size. It has been established that an increase in the number of airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm is associated with the risk of endothelial inflammation, thrombosis, increased cell permeability, and DNA methylation. It has been also demonstrated that a 5 µg/m3 increment in ambient concentrations of fine particles (< 2.5 μm) causes a 7 % increase in the mortality rate. At the same time, PM2.5 exposure-related risks of excess deaths from cardiovascular diseases are twice as high as those posed by exposure to PM10. Conclusions: Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts are a significant risk factor for human health. An effective preventive strategy should be aimed at replacing heavy hydrocarbon motor fuels by compressed gas using hydrogen cells and electric motors.

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