Objectives: The first aim of this study was to assess the implementation of a sedative and analgesic drug rotation protocol in a PICU. The second aim was to analyze the incidence of withdrawal syndrome, drug doses, and time of sedative or analgesic drug infusion in children after the implementation of the new protocol. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: PICU of a tertiary care hospital between June 2012 and June 2016. Patients: All patients between 1 month and 16 years old admitted to the PICU who received continuous IV infusion of sedative or analgesic drugs for more than 4 days were included in the study. Interventions: A sedative and analgesic drug rotation protocol was designed. The level of sedation, analgesia, and withdrawal syndrome were monitored with validated scales. The relationship between compliance with the protocol and the incidence of withdrawal syndrome was studied. Measurements and Main Results: One-hundred pediatric patients were included in the study. The protocol was followed properly in 35% of patients. Sixty-seven percent of the overall cohort presented with withdrawal syndrome. There was a lower incidence rate of withdrawal syndrome (34.3% vs 84.6%; p < 0.001), shorter PICU length of stay (median 16 vs 25 d; p = 0.003), less time of opioid infusion (median 5 vs 7 d for fentanyl; p = 0.004), benzodiazepines (median 5 vs 9 d; p = 0.001), and propofol (median 4 vs 8 d; p = 0.001) in the cohort of children in which the protocol was followed correctly. Conclusions: Our results show that compliance with the drug rotation protocol in critically ill children requiring prolonged sedation may reduce the appearance of withdrawal syndrome without increasing the risk of adverse effects. Furthermore, it may reduce the time of continuous IV infusions for most sedative and analgesic drugs and the length of stay in PICU.

Inhaled sevoflurane appeared to be an effective sedative agent in critically ill children and can be useful in those patients on mechanical ventilation difficult to sedate with conventional drugs. It can be administered easily in the PICU with conventional ventilators using the AnaConDa system. Withdrawal syndrome may occur with prolonged treatment.

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There is limited experience with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in intensive care units (ICUs). We assessed the effectiveness, safety, and accuracy of real-time CGM use in COVID-19 ICUs. We pooled data from three academic centers using hybrid protocols combining point of care (POC) blood glucose (BG) with non-adjunctive CGM. At hospitals A and B, CGM was used non-adjunctively with POC at least every 6 hours. At hospital C, POC BG was performed every two hours. We also examined CGM performance during lowest pAO2, oxygen saturation, pH, and mean arterial pressure. Of 169 patients, mean age was 60.9±12.2 years, and 82%, 93%, and 62% received corticosteroids, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressors respectively. Median duration of IV insulin was 118, 156, and 50 hours at hospitals A, B, and C respectively. Mean POC BG frequency was 10.2±6.1, 7.0±5.2, and 16±6.5 times/day on day 1 of IV insulin and 6.7±3.1, 6.0±3.5, and 12.2±5.8 times/day thereafter. The median percent CGM time in range (TIR, 70-180mg/dl) was 72%, 70% and 46% during IV insulin. Median time &lt;70mg/dl was &lt;0.1% for all hospitals. The absolute relative difference between CGM and POC did not correlate with hemodynamic instability, Figure. This data indicates hybrid monitoring can reduce POC frequency while safely maintaining glucose. Sensor-meter agreement was not associated with abnormal physiologic parameters and requires further study. Disclosure E.R.Faulds: Advisory Panel; Dexcom, Inc., Other Relationship; A1Control, LLC, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Speaker's Bureau; Dexcom, Inc., Medscape. M.Garcia: None. S.Chandra: None. F.J.Pasquel: Consultant; Dexcom, Inc., Medscape, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Ideal Medical Technologies. K.M.Dungan: Board Member; Elsevier, Consultant; Eli Lilly and Company, Dexcom, Inc., Other Relationship; UpToDate, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Abbott, ViaCyte, Inc., Sanofi, Speaker's Bureau; Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning, Cardiometabolic Health Congress, Medscape, Integritas. Y.Badakhshi: None. A.Boutsicaris: None. M.C.Exline: Other Relationship; Abbott Nutrition. J.Hester: None. L.G.Jones: None. M.Mcnett: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., National Institutes of Health. J.D.Miller: Advisory Panel; MannKind Corporation, Employee; Medtronic, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. R.Shah: None.