It is shown that any surface barrier to the entry of a dye into a fiber must modify the form of the uptake-time relation, the barrier exerting its greatest influence in the early stages of sorption, but becoming progressively less important as sorption proceeds. This is manifested by an initially concave-upwards tendency in the uptake-timel curve.The analysis, which takes account of variable diffusion characteristics of fibers forming the ~asemhly, is applied to the uptake of Naphthalene Orange G by wool, and a small but definite effect is found, which could for instance be attributed to the epicuticle..
Reaction of ivool with potassium permanganate in water is shotvn by electron microscopy to extend into the outer cortes, whercas reaction with potassiuni permanganate in saturated salt solution takes place at the cuticle. Deductions based on relative reaction and clearing rates (in Part I [37]) are therefore confirmed.Attack by the reagent on the fiber is preferential in the region of the scale edges. The most dense deposition of manganese dioxide is found in the outer layer of the esocuticle. Staining of cross sections of wool with pernianganate suggests that the cuticle reacts faster initially than the cortes.Aniino acid analyses of wool fabrics treated with permanganate in water and differcnt concentrations of salt s110~~-no significant wriation and are similar to those obtained after dry chlorination of the same fabric. All treatments produce significant increases in cysteic acid content and decreases in serine, cystine, and tryptophan residues.Treatment with permanganate in high salt concentration appears to reduce the differential friction effect of the fiber by reducing the against-scale friction.
Batches in a combing plant were monitored to examine the relative influence of a number of greasy wool characteristics on the early stages of worsted processing. Characteristics measured for each batch included those normally available from core testing (mean fiber diameter, yield, and vegetable matter content), together with staple length and its variability, staple strength and the position of staple weakness, clean color, resistance to bulk compression of clean wool, and variability of fiber diameter. Combing noilage, the mean and distribution of fiber length, and the mean fiber diameter of the resultant tops were the processing factors considered. High levels of association were found between selected subsets of the characteristics of the greasy wool and the processing factors. There is some discussion of the appropriateness of the methods of regression analysis and the refevance of the work to the commercial situation.
An account is given of an experimental study conducted specifically to examine the effects of large variations in the staple strength of greasy wool on subsequent performance in combing and spinning by means of pilot-scale processing techniques. Batches were processed for two levels of mean fibre diameter (20 and 22 ^m), each at four levels of staple strength (nominally 20, 30. 45. and 60 N/ktex). and there was close control over other raw-wool properties. Three comb settings were used for each batch. Yarns were spun to five counts selected to include the normal commercial range and the limiting situation. The SAWTRI mean-spindle-speed test was employed to assess spinning performance.The resultant fibre length and its distribution for tops were found to be closely dependent on the staple strength and the comb setting. Differences in Hauteur of 11-14 mm were otwerved between the batches from the low-and high-staple-strength categories within each comb setting and fibre-diameter grouping. Differences in spinning performance were observed between the batches of the weakest wools and those of the other batches for which there were no marked trends in performance despite the differences in the fibre length of the tops.
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