Мета: вивчити можливості адаптаційних ресурсів емігрантів та реемігрантів відповідно до їх особистісних особливостей. Матеріали і методи. Використано клініко-психопатологічний, психометричний (шкала депресії M. Hamilton (HDRS), шкала тривоги M. Hamilton (HARS), шкала оцінки суїцидального ризику Г. В. Старшенбаума) та психодіагностичний методи. Результати. Вивчення структури депресивного синдрому різного етіологічного спрямування (ендогенного, екзогенного та органічного) у емігрантів та реемігрантів, а також особливостей афективних розладів, що виникають за умов міграції, є не лише ключовим завданням сьогодення, а й спробою вирішення соціальних проблем. Реалізація цих завдань допоможе знайти диференційований підхід до лікування та відшукати раціональні шляхи надання допомоги. Отримані дані доповнюють наявну інформацію про зміну психологічного стану мігрантів: встановлено особливості симптомів депресивного спектра, закономірності їх виникнення, ступінь вираження та можливості суїцидальної активності залежно від походження розладів. Зʼясовано, що обʼєктивні соціально-психологічні умови створюють підґрунтя для виникнення закономірних порушень, що разом з індивідуальними рисами особистості призводять до розвитку невротичних варіантів дезадаптації та декомпенсації особистості у бік посилення гальмівних реакцій. Висновки. На підставі комплексного дослідження встановлено закономірності афективних розладів, що можуть слугувати основою для розробки та апробації нових підходів лікування та методів реабілітації осіб, які зазнали міграції.
The purpose of the work was to study the peculiarities of the expressiveness of psychopathological symptoms in combatants with non-psychotic mental disorders who suffered from the COVID-19 disease. Materials and methods. 252 combatants with non-psychotic mental disorders took part in the study, based on the examination of 132 combatants who did not have COVID-19 and 120 – who had COVID-19. Results and discussion. Significantly lower indicators of expressiveness of psychopathological symptoms were found in combatants who did not suffer from COVID-19, and the basis of psychopathological manifestations are: obsessive-compulsive disorders – 2.42 ± 0.33 and 2.55 ± 0.36 points, respectively (р <0.01); depression – 2.20 ± 1.15 and 2.66 ± 1.03 points (p <0.01); anxiety – 2.18 ± 0.91 and 2.41 ± 0.89 points (p <0.05). Manifestations of somatization are: auxiliary psychopathological constructs – 1.63 ± 1.07 and 2.47 ± 0.80 points (р <0.01); interpersonal sensitivity – 1.23 ± 0.96 and 1.52 ± 0.97 points, respectively (p <0.05); hostility – 1.31 ± 0.38 and 1.42 ± 0.39 points (p <0.05) and phobic anxiety – 1.23 ± 0.49 and 1.28 ± 0.48 points (p>0.05), with insignificant expressiveness of paranoid symptoms and psychoticism. It was established that combatants who suffered from the disease of COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of post-traumatic stress – 88.9 ± 16.6 and 97.8 ± 15.7 points, respectively (p <0.01), invasion symptoms – 24.5 ± 4.4 and 26.3 ± 4.9 points (p <0.01); avoidance – 23.1 ± 5.8 and 25.7 ± 5.0 points (p <0.01); excitability – 21.6 ± 5.1 and 23.8 ± 4.5 points (p <0.01); guilt – 19.7 ± 5.4 and 22.0 ± 5.0 points (p <0.01), and post-traumatic depression – 5.3 ± 4.1 and 8.2 ± 5.1 points; anxiety – 4.9 ± 3.7 and 6.8 ± 3.8 points (p <0.01), and stress – 8.1 ± 4.2 and 10.3 ± 4.1 points (p <0.01). Deterioration of cognitive functioning with a decrease in the speed and efficiency of cognitive processes was established, which did not reach the level of severe cognitive dysfunction, more pronounced in patients who suffered from COVID-19, which was manifested by a decrease in performance indicators of the TMT-A test – respectively, 37.0 ± 12.2 and 45.9 ± 14.8 sec. (p <0.01); TMT-B – 147.4 ± 37.6 and 164.4 ± 53.8 sec. (p <0.05); indicators of semantic verbal speed: number of words for letter “K” – 18.2 ± 5.4 and 16.8 ± 5.4 words (p <0.01); words for letter “P” – 16.6 ± 5.7 and 15.2 ± 5.6 words (p <0.05); words “Male names” – 17.1 ± 5.1 and 15.7 ± 5.1 words (p <0.01); words “Fruits/furniture” – 16.0 ± 5.3 and 14.7 ± 5.2 words (p <0.05), as well as slowing down the Stroop test: reading the names of colors printed in black – 51.5 ± 9.6 and 57.6 ± 8.9 sec. (p <0.01), color naming – 77.0 ± 16.9 and 86.7 ± 17.4 sec. (p <0.01), reading the names of colors where the color of the font differs from the meaning of the word – 131.2 ± 20.4 and 142.1 ± 19.9 sec., naming the color of a word where the color of the font differs from the meaning of the word – 50.5 ± 9.6 and 56.6 ± 8.9 sec. (p <0.01), stiffness/flexibility indicators of control – 54.2 ± 10.3 and 55.4 ± 7.9 sec. and verbality – 1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.5 ± 0.1 sec. Conclusion. The revealed regularities allow considering COVID-19 as an actual risk factor for the deterioration of psychopathological and post-traumatic symptoms, as well as cognitive disorders in combatants with non-psychotic mental disorders
These graphic materials are a poster presentation for the III Congress with international participation "PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE OF THE XXI CENTURY: REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES". Which took place on November 4-6, 2022 in Kyiv on the Mediamed portal.
Features of the quality of life of 132 combatants with non-psychotic mental disorders who were sick with COVID-19 and 120 who were not sick with COVID-19 were studied, using the metho dology of I. Mezzich et al. in the adaptation of N. O. Maruta. Low quality of life indica- tors were established in areas reflecting psychological functioning, and somewhat less — physical functioning, while maintaining high indicators in areas related to the influence of the environ- ment and social support, with significantly higher indicators in combatants who did not suffer from COVID-19: according to in the sphere of physical well-being — 7.67 ± 1.10 points against 7.10 ± 1.29 points (p < 0.01), psychological (emotional) well-being — 5.59 ± 1.95 points against 4.60 ± 1,96 points (p < 0.01), self-care and independence of actions — 9.46 ± 0.78 points versus 9.03 ± 1.01 points (p < 0.01), working capacity — 7.70 ± 1.35 points against 7.02 ± 1.48 points (p < 0.01), interpersonal interaction — 6.15 ± 2.32 points against 4.91 ± 2.45 points (p < 0.01), socio-emotional support — 9.23 ± 1.01 points against 8.75 ± 1.20 points (p < 0.01), public and official support — 9.40 ± 0.73 points against 9.01 ± 0.91 points (p < 0.01), personal re- alization — 5.96 ± 1.98 points against 4.95 ± 2.06 points (p < 0.01), spiritual realization — 7.76 ± 1.06 points against 7.23 ± 1.01 points (p < 0.01), total perception of life — 4.88 ± 1.90 points against 3.92 ± 1.74 points (p < 0.01); as well as in integral spheres of subjective well-being/ satisfaction — 18.14 ± 4.87 points against 15.62 ± 4.88 points (p < 0.01), performance of social roles — 29.28 ± 6.26 points against 25.91 ± 6.87 points (p < 0.01), external living conditions — 26.39 ± 2.70 points against 24.98 ± 3.04 points (p < 0.01), and the general quality of life indicator: 7.38 ± 1.37 points versus 6.65 ± 1.47 points (p < 0.01). The revealed regularities convincingly testify to the negative impact of transferred COVID-19 in combatants with non-psychotic mental disorders on quality of life in general and in its specific spheres.
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