The influence of four basic tillage systems and four fertilizer systems on changes in productive soil moisture and water consumption by agrophytocenoses was studied within years 2017–2020 in the fve-feld crop rotation on typical black soil (chernozems) of the Bila Tserkva NAU experimental feld. It is established that the productive moisture reserves in a meter layer of soil in the phase of soybean germination are almost the same for moldboard, differentiated, disk and shallow types of tillage, but quite lower for chisel one; in the phases of the budding beginning and maturity of grain this indicator is the lowest for moldboard tillage, and the highest for moldboardless tillage. In the phase of winter wheat germination, as well as earing and full ripeness of grain, this rate is almost at the same level for moldboard, differentiated and shallow tillage, and for chisel one – 9–12 % higher compared to the reference level; in the phase of spring vegetation restoration no noticeable difference between tillage options was recorded. In the phase of sunflower seedlings there was the largest amount of the productive moisture in a meter layer of soil in the conditions of moldboardless plowing; the rest of tillage have shown almost the same amount of productive moisture; in the phase of the flowering beginning and full maturity of seeds, they are 3–5 % higher for moldboardless plowing, and 2–3 and 4–6 % lower for differentiated and disk tillage respectively than the reference one. In the phases of tube yielding, earing and full ripeness of spring barley grain, it is 11, 5 and 4 % higher compared to the reference rate for moldboardless plowing, differentiated and disk tillage respectively. For moldboard, chisel, differentiated tillage and shallow tillage, the water consumption coefcient of soybeans was 109, 120, 113 and 131 mm/t respectively. With moldboardless, differentiated and disc tillage, it is 11,5 and 4 % higher in winter wheat, respectively, than the reference level. Crop rotation productivity for moldboard and differentiated tillage at the same level, and for moldboardless and disk – signifcantly lower. Key words: crop rotation, crop, tillage, fertilizers, productive moisture, water consumption coefcient, total water consumption, productivity.

The nature of subjective positioning on the role of crop rotations in agriculture from many points of view, namely – agrochemical, biological, geological and energetic. This leads to the belief that crop rotation arose as a need for reasonable human interaction with nature, a careful attitude to it. However, a comprehensive ecological and biosphere approach to understanding the essence of crop rotation requires the resolution of certain contradictions that arise in the implementation of modern farming systems. Based on the data of long-term feld experiments, the main indicators of the biological cycle of humus carbon in black soil are calculated. The calculation is based on the balance of humus as the difference between the fnal and initial content and reserves in the soil under different crop rotations. We found that the joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the balance of humus and nitrogen in the soil and, ultimately, on crop yields and crop rotation productivity. Against this background, a positive balance of humus (+1.29 t/ha) and total nitrogen (+80 kg/ha) in the soil is observed. Strengthening the organic fertilizer system by using, in addition to manure, by-products of crops – cereal straw, peas, corn stalks contributed to the formation of a positive balance of humus and nitrogen in the soil: the annual accumulation of humus was 0.28 t/ha, nitrogen 14 kg/ha. Due to the humifcation of crop residues of cereals, peas and perennial legumes during the 7-year study period in the soil of control crop rotation 1 formed humus 2.85 t/ha, in crop rotation 14 with grasses – 7.0, the rest of crop rotations – from 3.4 up to 4.0 t/ha. In general, 5.5 % of the initial stock of humus or 8.9 t/ha was mineralized in the crop rotation without fertilizers during the specifed period. If we add to this about 3 t/ha of humus, the decomposition of which in the process of mineralization was compensated by plant residues, then during this period decomposed about 12 t/ha of humus. This value of mineralization characterizes the parameters of the biological cycle of humus in the control crop rotation. Key words: soil, fertilizers, crop rotations, crop yield, crop rotation productivity, plant residues, humifcation, humus, humus mineralization, humus balance.

The goal of the research is to assess the bioenergy efficiency of individual elements of sugar beet growing technology. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted at the Training and Production Center (BCC) of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in 2015-2017. All field experiments were conduct on the background of the main fertilizer. Under the basic cultivation of the soil 40 t/h of manure and N120P100K140 mineral fertilizers (a.s.) were introduced, on the basis of the planned yield of 70 t/ha. Norms of organic and mineral fertilizers were calculated taking into account the presence of nutrients in the soil and the coefficient of their removal by sugar beet. The results of research. For the energy assessment of the elements of sugar beet cultivation technology in the central part of the Right-bank Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, the cost of the total energy per unit area was determined by the technological maps, which were grouped and analyzed according to the following articles: seeds, fertilizers, fuels and lubricants, mechanized and manual work, and etc. The energy efficiency was determined by the energy efficiency ratio (Cee) – the ratio of the difference between the reproduced energy (energy consumption of the crop) and the consumed energy efficiency coefficient where the seed with the laboratory similarity was sown more than 95 % – (Cee = 5.51). When used for sowing seeds with a laboratory similarity of more than 91–95 %, the energy efficiency was slightly lower than that of sowing seeds more than 95 % and was 5.42. With the increasing of plant density to harvesting from 80–90 to 101–110 thousand/ha, the energy output from the harvest increased from 829521 to 905520 MJ, but due to higher yields in variants where the plant density was 101-110 thousand/ha of energy, comparatively before control was higher. The energy efficiency ratio tended to decrease both for the use of hybrids and for the introduction of trace elements in the feed and amounted to 5.57–6.08. Conclusions. It is proved that the developed agrotechnological measures for sugar beet cultivation in the line hybrid – the quality of the seeds – the plant stomatal density – fertilizers – the duration of the vegetation period, provide a high economic effect. The formation of optimal sugar beet seeding on the area provided the highest yield of energy with the yield on variants with double application of microfertilizers in the non-root nutrition. Key words: sugar beets, bioenergy efficiency, similarity of sown seeds, plant density, varietal composition, foliar nutrition, duration of vegetation period.

The aim of the research is to establish the most effective combination of soil tillage which provides fodder beet high productivity while increasing the fertility of typical soil and root crops quality. The studies were conducted at the Training Production Center (NPC) of the Bila Tserkva NAU in 2018–2019. The soil of the experimental site – chernozem is a typical low humus large-dusty-medium-loam granulometric composition. In accordance with the performed analyzes, they are characterized by the following indicators in the arable (0–30 cm) layer: humus content – 3.23 %; lightly hydrolyzed nitrogen – 7.6 mg; available phosphorus – 13.9 mg; mobile potassium – 15.1 mg/100 g soil; the amount of absorbed bases is 25.3 mg eq.; hydrolytic acidity of 2.15 mg /eq/100 g of soil. The above data indicate that the soils are relatively fertile. They are low humus in terms of humus content. The reaction of the soil solution is slightly acidic. According to the indicators of mobile forms of phosphorus, potassium, pH of salt extract, they belong to the medium supplied in phosphorus and potassium, and do not need liming. Phosphorus and potassium content in the soil increases in the fertilized areas. Thus, the introduction of N90P90K90 leads to an increase in the potassium and phosphorus content in the arable soil, respectively: by 25.6 % and 50.0 %, during sowing and by 23.2 % and 33.3 % in the phase of the third pair of true leaves compared with unfertilized areas. More intensive growth and development of fodder beet plants on fertilized variants led to equalization of phosphorus and potassium content in the soil according to the variants of the experiment during the harvesting period. The following weeds dominated on the feed beet crops: Polygonum convolvulus, Persicaria lapathifolia, Agrostis alba, Setaria pumila, Echinochloa crus-galli, Convolvulus arvensis, Raphanus raphanistrum and others. The yield of fodder beet root increases on the plots with application of N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N90P90K90 under the use of higher doses of fertilizers, compared with the unfertilized plots increased on average for all studied variants by 17.3 t/ha. Indicators of the structural condition and soil structure the under fodder beets are better under plow cultivation with a depth of 30–32 cm than that of 20–22 cm. %. The yields of fodder beet root under 30–32 cm plow mechanical tillage was the higher by 4.11 t/ha compared to the 20–22 cm plow cultivation. The yield increases with fertilizers doses increase. Key words: fodder beet, basic tillage, fertilizers, yield.