Mast cells cyclically synthesize and excrete a wide range of biogenesis products with different biological activities into the extracellular matrix and are regulators of local homeostasis both in normal conditions and in pathology – inflammation, oncogenesis, etc. The relative specificity of classical histochemical methods for detecting mast cells in relation to chromogenic to substrates causes certain difficulties in the selective study of the components of the secretome of mast cells, for example, heparin, histamine, chymase or tryptase. Therefore, immunomorphological techniques have become very popular, which identify specific substrates and allow differentiation of the components of the mast cell secretome. Mediators produced by mast cells promote neoangiogenesis, fibrillogenesis and re-epithelialization during the repair process.The aim of our work was to study the tryptase profile of the mast cell population of rat skin during the wound processusing an original combined method of immunohistochemical staining.Material and methods. The experiment involved 12 Wistar rats divided into two groups – intact (n=6) and with the existing wound process of the skin in the withers (n=6). The tryptase profile of mast cells was assessed on the 7th day of the wound process in comparison with the control group.Results. The results obtained showed a significant increase in the number of tryptase-positive mast cells on the 7th day of the wound process in the skin against the background of a general increase in the population of mast cells. Intragranular tryptase reserve was significantly increased. In contrast to the control, where mast cells with single tryptase-positive granules dominated, during the wound process, cells of this type were practically not detected in the skin (43.69±2.9% and 8.55±0.9%). The content of tryptase-positive mast cells with complete filling of the cytoplasm in the control group and the group of animals with a wound process was 14.24±1.2% and 38.03±2.9%, respectively.Conclusion. Thus, when modeling a wound, an increase in tryptase synthesis is detected both in individual MCs and within the entire MC population. This fact indicates that mast cell proteases can become a potential therapeutic target for improving wound regeneration by correcting immunogenesis, inflammation and fiber formation.

The mechanisms of regeneration for the fibrous component of the connective tissue of the dermis are still insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of molecular hydrogen on the local therapy of a II degree burn wound with the intensification of collagen fibrillogenesis in the skin. We analyzed the involvement of mast cells (MCs) in the regeneration of the collagen fibers of the connective tissue using water with a high content of molecular hydrogen and in a therapeutic ointment for the cell wounds. Thermal burns led to an increase in the skin MC population, accompanied by a systemic rearrangement of the extracellular matrix. The use of molecular hydrogen for the treatment of burn wounds stimulated the regeneration processes by activating the formation of the fibrous component of the dermis, accelerating wound healing. Thus, the intensification of collagen fibrillogenesis was comparable to the effects of a therapeutic ointment. The remodeling of the extracellular matrix correlated with a decrease in the area of damaged skin. Skin regeneration induced by the activation of the secretory activity of MCs may be one of the possible points of implementation of the biological effects of molecular hydrogen in the treatment of burn wounds. Thus, the positive effects of molecular hydrogen on skin repair can be used in clinical practice to increase the effectiveness of therapy after thermal exposure.

The issues of skin regeneration during thermal injury are an urgent problem of modern biomedicine. The quality and speed of restoration of the damaged epidermis largely ensures the quality of life of patients. The optimal method of wound treatment depends, inter alia, on knowledge of the structural and functional features of the extracellular matrix of the connective tissue of the dermis, including the amphora and fibrous components. Material and methods. In a study on adult Wistar rats, we modeled second degree burns of the posterior surface of the torso with an area of 1 0% of the body surface for the purpose of histological and immunohistochemical assessment of the involvement of mast cells in the wound process and their importance in the implementation of collagen fibrillogenesis in various protocols for the treatment of burn wounds. A planimetric analysis was carried out to obtain quantitative data on the content of mast cells per mm2 of the skin, their histotopography and morphofunctional typing were determined to assess the secretory activity. Results. The study revealed that the burn wound caused an increase in the population of skin mast cells with certain histotopo-graphic patterns, in particular, predominant accumulation in the peripheral region of the alteration zone. An increase in the secretory activity of mast cells led to a systemic reconstruction of the extracellular matrix, stimulating the healing processes by activating the formation of the fibrous component of the connective tissue. After thermal exposure, a significant increase in tryptase expression in the mast cell population was revealed when using water with an increased content of molecular hydrogen. Conclusion. The revealed features of various protocols of wound management in the efficiency of regenerative processes are due to the degree of involvement of mast cells in fibrillogenesis using direct and indirect pathways. Thus, the molecular mechanisms of extracellular matrix remodeling, induced by the secretory activity of mast cells, are promising targets for intensifying the regenerative effects of pharmacological agents.

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ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н. Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России, г. Воронеж, Россия В представленной статье, посвященной особенностям строения и функции кожи как органа, рас-крываются закономерности развития и анатомо-физиологические особенности кожи. На морфологиче-ском уровне описаны особенности течения раневого процесса при термической травме. Анализируются данные отечественной и зарубежной литературы о методиках исследования раневого процесса. Дальней-шее исследование морфофункциональной организации кожи как органа при термической травме у детей позволит расширить представление о течении раневого процесса у данной категории пациентов, поможет разработать необходимые алгоритмы медицинской помощи. In present article, dedicated to the features of structure and function of the skin as an organ, the patterns of development, anatomical and physiological features of skin are revealed. Morphological features of the course of the wound process during thermal trauma are described. The data of the domestic and foreign literature on the methods, examining the wound process are analyzed. Further investigation of the morphofunctional organization of the skin as an organ in the case of thermal trauma in children will allow to expand the idea of the wound process in this category of patients, help to develop the necessary algorithms of medical care. Key words: baby skin, burns, research methods.Кожа человека является сложным по своему строению органом, который выполня-ет множество важных функций в организме [6]. Участвует в обеспечении гомеостаза орга-низма, являясь первой линией защиты орга-низма от агрессивных воздействий внешних факторов. Обладает обширным количеством рецепторов, выполняя функцию органа чувств. Участвует в синтезе витамина D, а также в терморегуляции. Термическая травма является одной из главных причин поврежде-ния кожного покрова, а ожоги на больших площадях приводят к значительным наруше-ниям функции кожи как органа, значительно снижая ее восстановительный потенциал [25].Развитие кожи и ее производных проис-ходит из кожной эктодермы, т.е. из той части эктодермы, которая остается после обособле-ния нервной трубки и ганглиозных пласти-нок. Кожная эктодерма является однослой-ной. Поэтому процесс превращения ее в эпи-дермис сопровождается постепенным увели-чением числа клеточных слоев, а также диф-ференциацией кератиноцитов. Зачатки желез и волос -эпителиальные почки и волосяные фолликулы -образуются в результате враста-ния клеток эпителия в подлежащую соедини-тельную ткань. Дерма развивается из соответ-ствующей части сомитов -дерматомов. Но поскольку большая часть клеток дермато-мов предварительно превращается в отрост-чатые мезенхимные клетки, часто говорят, что дерма, как и прочие соединительноткан-ные структуры, происходит из мезенхимы. Некоторые клетки кожи, в частности мелано-циты, имеют нейральное происхождение [15].Дерма сформирована сложным ком-плексом компонентов внеклеточного матрик-са и клеточных элементов (фибробластов, макрофагов, плазмоцитов, тучных клеток; транз...