Introduction. Partial nephrectomy occupies a rightful priority position in the treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma. It not only provides high oncological results but also allows you to save the renal parenchyma. This reduces the risk of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular accidents, which is especially important in young patients. The main technical problem is the closure of the renal wound with reliable hemostasis and low risk of urine leakage, especially in patients with large endophytic lesions.Objective. To study the mechanical properties of the renal parenchyma and to establish ways to prevent suture eruption under an experimental model.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use "Technologies and Materials of the Belgorod State National Research University". Mechanical tests of the strength characteristics of the layers of the renal parenchyma were performed on 60 cadaveric kidneys. The tensile strength and tension of tissues during the application of various surgical sutures, as well as variants of the latter with the use of spacers made of materials that prevent thread eruption, were studied using a tensile machine.Results. During mechanical tests, the medulla was found to have the highest strength (23.58 ± 9.17 load (L)) between the layers of the renal parenchyma. The mechanical strength (8.40 ± 2.89 L) of the cortical substance in the absence of the capsule was minimal. When replacing the vertical suture through all layers by tied a knot along the resection line with a similar horizontal mattress suture, it significantly increased tensile strength (27.35 ± 12.04 L) to levels comparable to the tensile strength of the medulla. The use of a hemostatic mesh (SurgicelÒ) as a lining did not significantly affect the ultimate strength (23.58 ± 9.17 L) of the horizontal mattress suture. The use of a prolene mesh (LintexÒ mesh) for this purpose significantly prevented suture eruption (31.48 ± 9.98 L) compared to the native suture and the SurgicelÒ mesh. The maximum tensile strength (45.61 ± 6.1 L) of a horizontal mattress suture was obtained for a tape made of a polytetrafluoroethylene vascular prosthesis.Conclusion. The study of the mechanical strength of the layers of the renal parenchyma showed the inexpediency of performing a cortical suture. The use of a horizontal mattress suture significantly increases the tensile strength compared to a vertical one. Maximum mechanical strength characteristics were obtained using polytetrafluoroethylene inserts.
Introduction. A century and a half of experience in renal surgery has shown the clinical feasibility of preserving a functioning renal parenchyma and the pathogenetic validity of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Objective. To analyze the available scientific publications on nephron-sparing sutureless kidney surgery or without so-called renorrhaphy.Materials and methods. We have searched the eLibrary, PubMed, Сochrane Library and Scopus databases without time limits. A total of 19365 publications were found in the databases, including 71 randomized controlled clinical trials, 987 reviews of which 168 were systematic and 2 were performed based on data from the Cochrane Library. This review includes publications on the sutureless NSS technique in patients with RCC; clinical cases and abstracts were excluded from the formal analysis of publications. Thus, 132 publications were selected for the analysis, which are presented in the following independently or included in previous literature reviews. The studies available for analysis were quite heterogeneous in terms of patient groups, inclusion criteria, and control points, which did not allow for a meta-analysis of the data presented.Results. An attempt to abandon the principle of kidney suturing after partial nephrectomy was implemented using methods of hemostasis based on the action of physical factors. At the same time, the value of any one of the methods that seemed at first glance did not show obvious unequivocal advantages in the NSS, the achievement of which would unequivocally reduce the severity of the problematic issue at the present stage. Significant prerequisites for such a state of the problem should be considered the monocentric nature of most studies and relatively little experience in the application of certain methods or their combinations. In the aspect of the foregoing, it is difficult to disagree with the statement that many different methods of hemostasis used during NSS appear not only to be the result of the tireless search for new opportunities by clinicians, but also the real lack of universal technologies.Conclusion. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the final hemostasis methods during NSS in patients with localized RCC indicates that this problem has not been solved and requires further research.
Введение. Этиология и патогенез симптомов нарушенного мочеиспускания и эректильной дисфункции в полной мере не ясны при метаболическом синдроме. Цель исследования. Определить роль метаболического синдрома в развитии и течении дизурии и эректильной дисфункции. Материалы и методы. В исследовании принимали участие 115 мужчин в возрасте 40-60 лет. Пациенты разделены на две группы на основании наличия или отсутствия доказанного метаболического синдрома. Возраст пациентов в основной группе (n = 86) составил 52,0 ± 3,5 года. Контрольная группа (n = 29)-мужчины без метаболического синдрома в возрасте 50,5 ± 2,4 года. Пациентам проводили анкетирование по опросникам IPSS (Международная система суммарной оценки заболеваний предстательной железы), МИЭФ-5 (Международный индекс эректильной функции). Выполнено объективное (физикальное) обследование. Лабораторная диагностика включала определение следующих показателей: тестостерона общего, альбумина, ГСПГ (глобулина, связывающего половые гормоны), уровня свободного тестостерона рассчитывали на основании трёх предыдущих показателей, ЛГ (лютеинизирующего гормона), инсулина, глюкозы, гликозилированного гемоглобина, липидного профиля. Всем пациентам выполнены урофлоуметрия, УЗИ (ультразвуковое исследование) мочевого пузыря с определением объёма остаточной мочи, ТРУЗИ (трансректальное ультразвуковое исследование) простаты с доплеровским исследованием кровотока. Достоверность различий определяли непараметрическим критерием Манна-Уитни, статистически значимыми считали различия при вероятности больше 95%. Результаты. Пациенты с метаболическим синдромом имели статистически достоверно более выраженную симптоматику по шкале IPSS и более низкий индекс QoL. По данным урофлоуметрии, показатели максимального потока в основной группе наблюдения были достоверно ниже при увеличении длительности мочеиспускания. Пациенты с метаболическим синдромом предъявляли более выраженные жалобы на эректильную дисфункцию по шкале IIEF5 в сравнении с контрольной группой наблюдения. Полученные данные позволяют связать метаболический синдром с риском развития симптомов нарушенного мочеиспускания и эректильной дисфункции у мужчин. Заключение. Метаболический синдром выступает независимым фактором эректильной дисфункции и гипогонадизма, что ведёт к нарушениям микции. Ключевые слова: метаболический синдром; дизурия; эректильная дисфункция; симптомы нижних мочевых путей Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Информированное согласие. Все пациенты подписали информированное согласие на участие в исследовании. Вклад авторов: Сергей В. Шкодкин-подготовка и написание статьи; Алексей В. Полищук-получение, анализ и статистическая обработка первичных данных исследования; Сергей В. Чирков-получение первичных данных; Абдуллои Ф. Хусейнзода-получение первичных данных; Мохаммедейн З. Абед Альфаттах Зубаиди-получение первичных данных.
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