The aim of this study was to compare fluoride release from four selected fissure sealants: fissure sealant manufactured by Arkona, Helioseal F, Helioseal F Plus, and Conseal. Tested parameters included emission of fluoride ions into saline (0.9% NaCl) and deionized water over a period of 2 weeks. Values were recorded after 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and then after 1 and 2 weeks. All sealants were characterized by a constant fluoride release level. The highest fluoride release level was noted for Conseal (0.0169 ppm/mg), while the lowest was noted for fissure sealant manufactured by Arkona (0.063 ppm/mg). Fissure sealants, which contain fluoride, release it not only during polymerization, but also for several days after application. The use of fissure sealants whose composition includes fluoride is an effective method of preventing tooth decay.

Background. Down syndrome, the most common chromosomal aberration, is a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome. Dysmorphic features and characteristic systemic defects are accompanied by mental disability of varying degree. Malocclusions, disproportion between the development of masticatory system and the tongue, abnormal respiratory tract, poor oral hygiene, and reduced salivary secretion contribute to the development of periodontal diseases in patients with Down syndrome. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess oral hygiene and gingival health status in children and adolescents with Down syndrome compared to generally healthy subjects. Materials and methods. The study included 150 subjects of both genders, aged between 5 and 21 years. The research group comprised of children and adolescents with Down syndrome (n = 75) and a control group with generally healthy individuals (n = 75). Oral hygiene status was assessed using the oral Hygiene Index -Simplified (OHI-S) and the Aproximal Aproximal Plaque Index (API). Periodontal status was assessed using the Gingival Index (GI) and the Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI). Results. The prevalence of periodontitis among patients with Down syndrome reached 100%. GI and SBI values were significantly higher in Down syndrome group compared to control group (0.90 ± 0.56 vs . 0.39 ± 0.53; 70.99% ± 27.65% vs 26.69% ± 34.94%, respectively; p < 0.001). OHI-S and API values were also significantly higher in Down syndrome patients compared to healthy individuals (1.68 ± 0.68 vs 1.32 ± 0.76, p < 0.01; 86.66% ± 17.78 vs 66.34% ± 34.33, p < 0.001). Conclusions. Patients with Down syndrome had significantly poorer oral hygiene and worse periodontal health status compared to healthy individuals.

The aim of the paper was to determine the potential for fluorine release from an original composite material blended with nanofluoroapatite (FAp). The level of fluoride ion emission into deionized water and saline was studied over a period of 12 weeks. Values were recorded after 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h and then weekly for a period of 12 weeks. There were statistically significant differences in the periods of fluoride ion release from 5%FAp and 2%FAp materials into saline solution as well as into deionized water. The highest fluorine release from 5%FAp + polymer was observed in the 10th and 11th week of incubation (for saline solution) and in the 9th, 10th, and 11th week (for deionized water). The highest fluorine release from 2%FAp + polymer was observed in the 9th, 11th, and 12th week of incubation for both environments. Total fluoride ion release from 5%FAp + polymer and mean fluoride release levels were similar in 5%FAp and 2%FAp in both environments. Both tested materials (5%FAp and 2%FAp) show the ability to release fluoride ions over a long time in the experimental environment.