El estudio que se presenta tuvo como objetivo diseñar y validar un instrumento para la medición de la convivencia escolar en estudiantes de secundaria en el contexto mexicano; con base en el desarrollo de un conjunto de indicadores de convivencia democrática, inclusiva y pacífica. Participaron 1,254 estudiantes del estado de Baja California, México, quienes contestaron un banco inicial de 183 ítems. Se analizaron los ítems de manera independiente para cada una de las dimensiones. Se practicaron análisis de unidimensionalidad (Rasch-Masters), factorial exploratorio (rotación Varimax de componentes principales) y de consistencia interna. Los resultados mostraron estructuras factoriales interpretables y con propiedades métricas apropiadas. Al analizar los factores resultantes de cada dimensión, se observa congruencia con la definición operacional del constructo. Se concluye que, con base en el contenido de las dimensiones y las propiedades métricas de éstas, se puede afirmar que el instrumento diseñado resulta válido para la evaluación de la convivencia escolar.
This article introduces Sylvia Schmelkes's contributions in the field of intercultural education. An outstanding Mexican educational researcher, Schmelkes was General Coordinator of the Intercultural and Bilingual General Coordination (GCIBE) at the Mexican Ministry of Public Education from its inception in 2001 until 2007. This article provides a perspective on interculturality and a brief overview of the Mexican context as it has been marked by political transition preceded by the Zapatista insurrection in Chiapas. The article then describes Schmelkes's approach and her most significant contributions to the work of the GCIBE. We argue that Schmelkes's main contribution was her commitment to building bridges between the research findings, the Indigenous demands contained in the San Andrés agreements, and the Mexican state. The depth of the challenges faced by Indigenous education in Mexico, and the extent of racism in the country were some of the challenges faced by her direction.
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