Maximizing the network lifetime and data collection are two major functions in WSN. For this aim, mobility is proposed as a solution to improve the data collection process and promote energy efficiency. In this paper, we focus on Sink mobility which has the role of data collection. The problem is how to find an optimal data collection trajectory for the Mobile Sink using approximate optimization techniques. To address this challenge, we propose an optimization model for the Mobile Sink to improve the data collection process and thus to extend the network lifetime of WSN. Our proposition is based on a multiobjective function using a Weighted Sum Method (WSM) by adapting two metaheuristics methods, Tabu Search (TS) and Simulated Annealing (SA), to this problem. To test our proposal by experiment, we designed and developed an Integrated Environment of Optimization and Simulation based on metaheuristics tool (IEOSM). The environment IEOSM helps us to determine the best optimization method in terms of optimal trajectory, execution time, and quality of data collection. The IEOSM also integrates a powerful simulation tool to evaluate the methods in terms of energy consumption, data collection, and latency.

Wireless sensor networks with mobile collectors or sinks face some challenges regarding the data collection process and the continuous connectivity and delivering of data while the mobile sink is moving throughout the network. These challenges increase as the network grows. For this aim, we propose in this paper a cross-layer routing protocol which supports mobility for large-scale wireless sensor networks, which we name CLR-MSPH. We adapt CLR-MSPH for the hierarchical architecture of the network, and it performs on cluster-based wireless sensor networks where the network is organized in clusters. Our proposed protocol deals with the problem of handover data after the mobile sink leaves the radio range of cluster head without sending all data stored in the cluster head’s buffer. We also introduce a mobility model for the mobile sink for a better data collection process. CLR-MSPH is considered as an extending implementation of BMAC protocol with handover mechanism (BMAC-H). In order to prove the efficiency of the proposed protocol, we compare CLR-MSPH to BMAC-H, where we adapted BMAC-H to perform in cluster-based wireless sensor networks. The simulation results show that CLR-MSPH performs better than BMAC-H in terms of packets reception rate, energy, and latency.

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