En la zona costera del golfo de Guacanayabo se presentan innumerables recursos naturales que son razón su ciente para el estudio de la calidad de sus sedimentos. La investigación presenta los resultados obtenidos con la utilización de la técnica de uorometría en la determinación de la concentración total de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en sedimentos superficiales de la región costera del golfo de Guacanayabo. Los resultados obtenidos en sedimentos superficiales de esta región reportaron una concentración promedio de 0.142 μg.g-1 y un rango de 0.054 a 0.40 μg.g-1. Una de las nueve estaciones estudiadas fue de referencia (Estación 6) 3 millas alejadas de las costas y una profundidad de 5 m. Se analizó la relación de los recursos pesqueros y las embarcaciones de pesca que operan en la región con los potenciales riesgos de fuentes contaminantes de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos. Se estimó que los sedimentos superficiales de esta zona costera pueden considerarse no contaminados con relación a la concentración total hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the contributions of some tools developed with integrative approaches for managing water quality, considering the particular case of Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba. One of the contributions was related to the improvement of a hydrologic monitoring program of this bay with the assimilation of Environmental Totality and Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management (IWCAM) approaches. The development of an index for assessing water quality (WQI) of estuarine systems associated with a methodology for implementing a conceptual model on the eutrophication management from systemic and causal approaches, were another developed tools. In addition, a strategic program as a guide for the integrated management of this bay was included considering the participatory and systemic approaches. The assimilation of these integrative approaches for developing scientific tools allowed improving the environmental management at a contextual level and could be generalized in similar aquatic systems.
Bathing water quality has become a matter of concern due to health risks. This study sought to assess water quality in bathing areas from the southeastern coast of the Cienfuegos province, Cuba. Certain physical, chemical, and biological parameters (salinity, temperature, pH, oxygen saturation, N-NH 4 + , N-NO 2 -, N-NO 3 -, P-PO 4 3-, COD, BOD 5 , fats and oils, chlorophyll-a, thermotolerant and total coliforms, and phytoplankton) were measured on five beaches during 2019-2020 in both rainy and dry seasons. A water quality index (WQI) was calculated using the the results of an eutrophication index (EI) and subsequently analyzed. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were conducted to interpret water quality variations. The WQI values ranged between fair and good, with significant differences between seasons. Multivariate analyses demonstrated the influence of river contributions on water quality indicators based on the results of the CA and the first principal component (PC1) correlated with Sal, DO, total and thermotolerant coliforms, and certain nutrients. PCA also reflected the increase in BOD 5 levels during the summer based on PC2, while the PC3 correlated with COD and response parameters (chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton) were linked to the trophic status. The assessment of trophic status showed non-eutrophic conditions. The abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in these beaches was low (128.5 x 10 3 cells L -1 , total mean value), following the normative definitions of the water framework directive. Harmful algal species occurred in low numbers (1.88 x 10 3 cells L -1 , total mean value), but certain species could represent a risk of dermatitis to bathers. The application of different classification schemes allowed for a comprehensive assessment of water quality in this coastal zone, helping to identify the need for monitoring and further ecological study on harmful algae species.
RESUMENEn la zona costera del golfo de Guacanayabo se presentan innumerables recursos naturales que son razón suficiente para el estudio de la calidad de sus sedimentos. La investigación presenta los resultados obtenidos con la utilización de la técnica de fluorometría en la determinación de la concentración total de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en sedimentos superficiales de la región costera del golfo de Guacanayabo. Los resultados obtenidos en sedimentos superficiales de esta región reportaron una concentración promedio de 0.142 µg.g -1 y un rango de 0.054 a 0.40 μg.g -1 . Una de las nueve estaciones estudiadas fue de referencia (Estación 6) 3 millas alejadas de las costas y una profundidad de 5 m. Se analizó la relación de los recursos pesqueros y las embarcaciones de pesca que operan en la región con los potenciales riesgos de fuentes contaminantes de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos. Se estimó que los sedimentos superficiales de esta zona costera pueden considerarse no contaminados con relación a la concentración total hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos.
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