En el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas se realizaron estudios de la calidad del polen en diferentes especies y variedades de papa, para lo cual se utilizaron los métodos de tinción, y germinación in vitro e in vivo con polen fresco (primer día de colectado) y almacenado a 17°C y 4°C. Además se estimaron los porcentajes de viabilidad y germinación, y las ploidías a partir de las mediciones del diámetro del polen. Con polen del primer día de conservado a 4°C (por 10 y 20 días) se realizaron ocho combinaciones híbridas y se evaluaron el número de bayas, el porcentaje de fructificación y el número de semillas por fruto. Se comprobó que la tinción morfológica no es una técnica confiable para estimar la viabilidad polínica y que la germinación del polen in vitro e in vivo son métodos efectivos para la estimación de la calidad del polen, los cuales están correlacionados con el número de semillas por fruto. Se puso de manifiesto que la medición del diámetro del polen es un indicador de la ploidía en papa y constituye un método indirecto que permite la identificación de materiales diploides y tetraploides. Esos resultados brindaron la posibilidad de utilizar métodos rápidos, sencillos y confiables que hacen de estos indicadores herramientas útiles en los Programas de Mejoramiento.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the contributions of some tools developed with integrative approaches for managing water quality, considering the particular case of Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba. One of the contributions was related to the improvement of a hydrologic monitoring program of this bay with the assimilation of Environmental Totality and Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management (IWCAM) approaches. The development of an index for assessing water quality (WQI) of estuarine systems associated with a methodology for implementing a conceptual model on the eutrophication management from systemic and causal approaches, were another developed tools. In addition, a strategic program as a guide for the integrated management of this bay was included considering the participatory and systemic approaches. The assimilation of these integrative approaches for developing scientific tools allowed improving the environmental management at a contextual level and could be generalized in similar aquatic systems.
Hydrocarbon spills are events that cause a lot of impacts on fragile ecosystems, such as the marine environment, with fatal consequences, the short-term environmental impact can be serious and cause severe damage to the ecosystem and people who live in coastal areas, affecting their livelihoods, therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce, control or mitigate them, in order to recover the affected areas and generate preventive measures to prevent future spills. This document analyzes the environmental impact caused by the hydrocarbon spill in the Bay of Cienfuegos and proposes an environmental impact assessment to contribute to an adequate environmental management.
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