The high rate of mental health problems in HIV-infected women jeopardizes the health of this vulnerable population, and constitutes a mandate for integrating mental health services into HIV primary care. The Whole Life project—a collaboration of the departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics/Gynecology at the University of Miami School of Medicine—successfully integrated mental health services into primary HIV care for women. This article describes the conceptual framework of the integration, implementation strategies, effects of the service integration, and lessons learned. Funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) as a Special Program of National Significance (SPNS), Whole Life efforts have been sustained beyond the demonstration funding period as a result of the changes brought about in organizational structures, service delivery, and the providers' conceptualization of health for HIV-infected women.

When nonliving cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were subjected to the action of alternating uniform and nonuniform electric fields, two types of orientation were produced. The first one, with its longest axis parallel to the field lines, is similar to that obtained with living cells. The second, perpendicular to the direction of the field, is produced for relatively high frequencies and low conductivities; this probably takes place when the conductivities of the external and internal media (cell cytoplasm) become equal. A mixed cell population is produced in a discrete interval of the parameters used. Our results provide direct evidence that cell alignment does not depend on the physiological state of the cells.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed different dielectrophoretic behavior depending on the source of carbon for growth. Growth on fermentable carbon sources produced a dielectrophoretic response that decreased according to the amount of sugar present in the culture medium. Growth on nonfermentable carbon sources produced a constant dielectrophoretic yield, independent of the amount and source of carbon present in the medium. The dielectrophoretic yield, however, was independent of the nitrogen source. The.yield spectrum for S. cerevisiae protoplasts was similar to that for the cells, although a decrease in the absolute value was observed. This decrease could be explained by the reduction in cell size and by assuming that the cell wall contributes a negative net charge to the yield. Fungal spores responded to the nonuniform electric field in the same range of frequencies as assayed for yeast cells.Dielectrophoresis has been applied to the study of the behavior of solid particles (13) and the properties of biological systems, both organelles and intact cells (7). In particular, dielectrophoresis has been used to measure the frequency spectra of bacteria and yeasts and the dependence of the ability to collect cells on physical parameters such as field strength, field uniformity, frequency, cell concentration, and time of collection (5,7,8). The yield of cells collected also depends on biological parameters such as cell age, cell shape, etc. (5,8).Earlier reports from this laboratory have shown that some of the properties of yeast cells are similar to those of macromolecular suspensions, while others depend on the metabolic state of the cells (6; C. Santamaria, F. J. Iglesias, and A. Dominguez, J. Colloid Interface Sci., in press). However, some of the relevant parameters which could affect the dielectrophoretic yield, such as growth with different carbon or nitrogen sources or the cell wall, have not been elucidated. The findings of the present work suggest that Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits different dielectrophoretic behavior depending on the carbon sources Utsed for growth and also that the elimination of the cell wall leads to a decrease in the dielectrophoretic yield. We also show that the dielectrophoretic behavior of fungal spores in the frequency range assayed is similar to that of the yeast cells. The biological implications of these results are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe organisms used were S. cerevisiae X-2180-1A (MATa SUC2 mal gal CUPI), Saccharomycopsis lipolytica CX-39-74-C (MATA ura) (both obtained from the Yeast Genetic Stock Center), Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972 h-(obtained from P. Nurse, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom), Verticillium chlamydosporium OILB (obtained from B. R. Kerry, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, United Kingdom), Phycomyces blakesleeanus NRRL 1555 (obtained from A. P. Eslava, Salamanca, Spain), and Penicillium expansum (isolated in our laboratory). The * Corresponding author. cultures were maintained on slants of medium I (1% yeast extract, 2% gl...