Hybrids of koi, Cyprinus carpio x crucian carp, Carassius carassius and koi x goldfish, Carassius auratus, proved to be susceptible to koi herpesvirus (KHV, syn. CyHV-3) and developed KHV disease (KHVD). While hybrids of koi x goldfish were partly resistant to mortality following infection by immersion, most koi x crucian carp hybrids died after bath infection. KHV DNA was detected in dead fish but also in all surviving animals by different polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). According to these results, hybrid crossbreeding does not seem to prevent severe losses associated with KHV in terms of inducing KHVD. The present study showed severe losses after a waterborne KHV infection of between 35% and 100% in koi x goldfish and koi x crucian carp hybrids as well as in SPF carp.

Kempter J., Kielpiński M., Panicz R., Mikolajczyk K., Keszka S. 2015. Genetic traceability of selected populations of the yellowstripe scad, Selaroides leptolepis (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Carangidae), based on the analysis of microsatellite DNA-CELFISH Project-Part 3. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 45 (3): 299-305.Background. Monitoring the genetic diversity of fi sh populations can provide information necessary to determine fi shing quotas for the commercially caught species. One of the species subjected to intensive exploitation is the yellowstripe scad, Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier, 1833), commonly occurring in the coastal waters of Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Indonesia. This paper is the third part of a larger project: "Development of a genetic-based system for identifi cation of food products from fi sheries and aquaculture introduced to the European Union customs area". Materials and methods. Fin fragments of the yellowstripe scad, Selaroides leptolepis, were obtained in 2012 and 2013 from local markets in Vietnam (SVN), Cambodia (SKH), Malaysia (MMY), and Indonesia (MID). The analyses focused on the amplifi cation and sequencing of a fragment of the nuclear rhodopsin gene which utilized as identifi cation label. Subsequently, in the obtained SVN, SKH, MMY, and MID samples, 11 microsatellite regions (SRR) were analysed. Sequence analyses were performed using the BioEdit and BLAST software, while the analysis of the obtained SRR data was conducted using the GenAlEx software.Results. The analysis of the obtained loci variants divided the investigated populations into two genetically homogeneous groups: the Vietnamese-Indonesian group and the Malaysian-Cambodian group. The analysis of genetic diversity revealed statistically signifi cant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the investigated populations and indicated the Vietnamese population as the most stable, while the Malaysian population as the least stable. Conclusions.The study provides information on the genetic diversity of the investigated populations and allows assignment of the captured fi sh to the geographical regions specifi ed. Moreover, indicate that among analysed populations the safest populations were those caught in the local fi sheries (continental shelf) of Vietnam and Cambodia due to their high mean genetic diversity.

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Kielpinski M., Kempter J., Panicz R., Keszka S. 2014. Genetic identifiability of selected populations of Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Scombridae)-CELFISH Project-Part 1. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 44 (2): 145-152.Background. Genetic traceability of seafood as well as population identification using molecular methods provide useful information about the fish origin and are important for protection of overfished populations, as well as for monitoring illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fisheries. The presently reported study focused on Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)-a pelagic species with a wide range of distributionespecially important for many tropical countries, such as India, Philippines, and Thailand. This paper is the first part of a larger project: "Development of a genetic-based system for identification of food products from fisheries and aquaculture introduced to the European Union customs area". Materials and methods. Samples consisting of fin fragments of Indian mackerel were obtained from local markets in Thailand (MTH), Vietnam (SVN), Cambodia (SKH), and Madagascar (SMG) within 2012-2013. Two genes were analysed: nuclear rhodopsin gene (RH1) and mitochondrial D-loop (D-loop) region through RFLP analysis simulation and sequencing. Additionally, the samples from Cambodia and Madagascar were analysed with eight microsatellite loci (SSR). The data processing was aided by GenAlEx 6.5 and GeneClass2 software. Results. A comparison of the RH1 gene section revealed a total homology among the studied samples. A comparative analysis of D-loop sequences in the studied groups revealed intrapopulational diversity for MTH-, SKH, SMG-, and SVN samples, at the level of 1, 1, 0.5, and 0.6 percentage points, respectively. Furthermore, the D-loop sequences identified a characteristic restriction site for SMG population. Based on the allele frequencies, we randomly assigned selected individuals to their original populations. GeneClass2 software correctly assigned only 16 out of 21 individuals to either the Cambodian or the Madagascar population, which jointly constituted 76% of all samples. We demonstrated, using AMOVA and GenAlEx 6.5, that the highest level of variability occurred among individuals within the respective populations, while the lowest interpopulation diversity was between the SMG and SKH populations. Conclusion. Our results may help the relevant authorities in the countries of the European Union to identify Indian mackerel and especially its products and trace them to the respective locality. Our findings may also be used for species-specific conservation measures hopefully undertaken by fisheries authorities of the countries where we took our samples. Results on other fish species, prepared in the frames of the same project, will be presented in other papers that will follow soon.