: Understanding how age affects fertility becomes increasingly relevant as couples delay childbearing toward later stages of their lives. While the influence of maternal age on fertility is well established, the impact of paternal age is poorly characterized. Thus, this study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for age-dependent decline in spermatozoa quality. To attain it, we evaluated the impact of male age on the activity of signaling proteins in two distinct spermatozoa populations: total spermatozoa fraction and highly motile/viable fraction. In older men, we observed an inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the highly viable spermatozoa population. On the contrary, when considering the entire spermatozoa population (including defective/immotile/apoptotic cells) our findings support an active mTORC1 signaling pathway in older men. Additionally, total spermatozoa fractions of older men presented increased levels of apoptotic/stress markers (e.g., cellular tumor antigen p53-TP53) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activity. Moreover, we established that the levels of most signaling proteins analyzed were consistently and significantly altered in men more than 27 years of age. This study was the first to associate the mTOR signaling pathway with the age impact on spermatozoa quality. Additionally, we constructed a network of the sperm proteins associated with male aging, identifying TP53 as a central player in spermatozoa aging.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar y contextualizar la reintegración cromática diferenciada en la pintura de caballete durante el siglo XX en Portugal. Se trata de un estudio de los criterios con base en las actividades de reintegración cromática llevadas a cabo por Abel de Moura y Fernando Mardel en dos paneles de pinturas sobre madera: el tríptico de "Pietá com dois Santos", perteneciente a lo Museu de Artes Decorativas Portuguesas, Fundação Ricardo do Espírito Santo Silva (FRESS) y el tríptico de la Iglesia de “Encarnação”, en la actualidad en el Museo de Arte Sacro en Funchal. El área reintegrada es valorada mediante el uso de sistemas de información geográfica.

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Objetivando induzir gestação gemelar em bovinos de corte comercial, foram utilizadas 05 vacas 1/2 Nelore x 1/2 Red Angus como doadoras e 34 vacas Nelore como receptoras, ciclando naturalmente. As vacas foram sincronizadas mediante implante de Norgestomet (3 mg) e 3 mg de Norgestomet mais 5 mg de Valerato de Estradiol injetáveis no dia 0. No 5o dia iniciou-se a superovulação empregando-se 350 UI de FSH em doses decrescentes durante 4 dias. No 7o dia retirou-se o implante; 50 e 60 horas após foram feitas as IA com sêmen de touro para pelagem vermelha (Limousin). Sete dias após a 1a IA as vacas foram coletadas. Usou-se material para coletas de embriões do tipo descartável sendo reutilizado para coletar as 5 doadoras. Foram coletados e congelados 34 embriões viáveis, obtendo-se a média de 6,8 por doadora. Trinta e quatro vacas da raça Nelore foram inseminadas com sêmen de Aberdeen Angus no cio natural e 7 dias após esses animais receberam um embrião inovulado via transcervical no corno contralateral ao ovário com CL. Com esta sistemática as vacas que pariram bezerros com pelagem preta eram frutos da IA e os de pelagem vermelha frutos da inovulação embrionária. Das parturições, 12 vacas geraram somente bezerro de pelagem preta (35,3%), 3 vacas pariram somente bezerro de pelagem vermelha (8,9%), 13 vacas pariram bezerro de pelagem vermelha e bezerro de pelagem preta (38,2%), 4 vacas tiveram abortamento entre o 6o e 7o mês (11,7%); dessas vacas, 2 abortaram produtos de gestação gemelar e 2 abortaram fetos únicos. Duas vacas estavam vazias no 45o dia após a inovulação embrionária (5,9%). Obteve-se 25 bezerros oriundos da IA (pelagem preta) (73,53%) e 16 bezerros da IE (pelagem vermelha) (47,05%). O total de bezerros nascidos foi de 41 (= taxa de natalidade 120,58%). Ao final do 4o mês de observação dos bezerros nascidos, desenvolveram-se 36 (105,58%). Sugere-se que sejam utilizadas matrizes receptoras com maior aptidão leiteira. Concluiu-se que a produção de prenhez gemelar em bovinos de corte à nível comercial é viável técnica e economicamente, desde que se utilize touros reprodutores que gerem bezerros relativamente pequenos e receptoras com aptidão leiteira. Technology and economic viability of twin pregnancy production in nelore breed by embryo transfer Abstract For an experiment to produce twin gestation in a beef commercial herd, 5 cows ½ Nelore x ½ Red Angus, naturally cycling were synchronized at D0 with implants of Norgestomet (3 mg) and injection of 3 mg of Norgestomet and 5 mg of estradiol valerate. Superovulation has been initiated at D5 using 350 IU of FSH in decreasing doses during 4 days. At D7 Norgestomet was removed, artificial insemination (AI) being then carried out 50 and 60 hours later with Limousin bulls (red hair) semen. Seven days after the first AI, embryos were collected from 5 cows using a disposable catheter and equipment and filter for embryos. Thirty four viable embryos, with an average of 6.8 per donor, were collected and frozen. Thirty four Nelore cows were inseminated with Aberdeen Angus semen in the natural heat. Seven days later these animals were inovulated with one embryo in the contralateral horn to the corpus luteum. Therefore, black calves resulted from AI whereas red calves from embryo transfer. Only black colored calves (35.3%) were produced by 12 cows, 3 cows delivered only red calves (8.9%), 13 cows produced both black and red colored calves (38.2%), 4 cows aborted between the 6th and 7th months of pregnancy (11.7%), of which 2 cows aborted 2 products each one and 2 cows only 1 product each. Two cows were open at the 45th day after the embryo inovulation (5.9%). A total of 25 black color calves (73.53%) were produced from AI and 16 red color (47.05%) from embryo transfer. The total number of calves amounted 41 products (birth rate = 120.58%), ending after 4 months of observation, with a total of 36 calves (105.58%). It is possible that the use of cows with higher milk production could reduce this rate of mortality probably due to the low milk production of the Nelore breed. It was concluded that the gestation of twins in beef cows is technically and economically possible being necessary, however, the use of bulls that produce relatively small calves.

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