In this study we reported cultivation of bacteria associated with mangrove soil from the Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest, Bali. Mangrove soil samples were serially diluted using sterile artificial seawater, spread onto Starch Casein M agar and incubated at 28oC for 28 days. Cultivation of mangrove soil samples yielded 165 bacterial colonies with 68 isolates were selected and purified based on different morphology. Of these 68 isolates, 22 isolates displayed antibacterial activities ranging from weak to strong inhibition against at least one of four bacterial indicators namely Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococus mutans, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using perpendicular streak method. Overall, 19 out of 22 bacteria isolates displayed weak antibacterial potential and two isolates exhibited moderate antibacterial activity. The isolate SA4 was the only bacterium with strong antibacterial potential with measured clear distance ≥ 10 mm against the four bacterial isolates. Sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA gene fragment assigned the isolate SA4 as Bacillus subtilis strain BIL/BS-168. Overall, this study confirmed the untapped potential of antibacterial activities from bacteria associated with mangrove soil.
Sentul (Sandoricum koetjape) is a tropical plant that has been used as traditional medicine in some Asian countries for decades. Research on phytochemicals and pharmacological activities of this plant extracts has been conducted and shows promising medicinal properties. This review aims to integrate knowledge about S. koetjape focusing on three main aspects namely ethnomedicinal, phytochemicals, and pharmacological, in order to encourage further research on this plant for future drug development. Traditionally, all plant parts of S. koetjape have been used for treating various health problems and diseases such as diarrhea, fever, colic, and leucorrhoea. More than 30 chemicals have been identified from S. koetjape, which the most important compounds are ring-A secotriterpene, oleane-type triterpene, secomultiflorane-type triterpene, hydroxymultiflorane triterpene, and limonoids. In vitro studies showed pharmacological potential of the extracts and phytochemicals constituents of S. koetjape including antibacterial, antifungal, antitumoral, anticancer, insecticide, and antioxidant.
The increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance in the past decades has motivated the search for novel antibacterial compounds to overcome infectious diseases. Among diverse natural sources, mangrove ecosystems offer untapped sources of biological active compounds for future antibacterial medicine. This research was aimed to evaluate antibacterial activities of crude extracts of four dominant mangrove plants from the Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest namely Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, and Sonneratia alba. Roots of these four plants were extracted using methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane. These crude extracts were tested against two Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) and two Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli dan Klebsiella pneumoniae) by disc difussion assay. We found that 3 mg/mL of N-hexane crude extracts from R. apiculata yielded the highest zone of inhibition of 8.64 mm against S. aureus. While, 3 mg/mL of chloroform crude extract of R. apiculata yielded the highest inhibition of 19.83 mm against S. mutans. Unfortunately, no zone of inhibition was observed when crude extracts were tested against Gram negative indicator strains. Our results indicate that the root crude extracts of R. apiculata yielded the highest zone of inhibition against Gram positive indicator strains compared to root crude extracts of R. mucronata, S. alba, and A. marina. Further research is required to determine the antibacterial activities of the mangrove crude extracts against other bacterial indicator strains to determine their spectrum of activities.
Kelompok ibu PKK Banjar Tohpati merupakan organisasi wanita yang menjadi bagian Desa Kesiman Kertalangu. Terjadinya pandemi COVID-19 telah memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi masyarakat Bali termasuk bagi kelompok ibu PKK Banjar Tohpati khususnya dari segi kesehatan dan ekonomi. Berdasarkan hasil diskusi, mitra ingin memiliki pengetahuan tentang cara pembuatan makanan sehat yang murah dan mudah serta memiliki kandungan gizi yang tinggi untuk menjaga imunitas selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Mitra juga mengharapkan makanan yang dibuat dapat memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi mitra. Berdasarkan permasalahan mitra ini dan hasil diskusi disepakati untuk melakukan pemberdayaan kelompok ibu PKK Banjar Tohpati untuk membuat yoghurt sebagai panganan sehat karena telah terbukti secara ilmiah memberikan manfaat kesehatan dan cukup mudah dibuat. Selain itu, yoghurt dapat menjadi produk yang dapat dipasarkan dan memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi mitra. Metode yang digunakan dalam PKM ini adalah focus group discussion melalui pemaparan tentang konsep gizi sehat disertai dengan pelatihan pembuatan yoghurt. Mitra mendapatkan penyuluhan dari sisi ekonomi tentang cara membuat memasarkan produk dengan metode promosi online. Pengusul telah memfasilitasi mitra dengan alat dan bahan pembuatan yoghurt sebagai modal awal untuk memulai usaha dan bantuan hidup dasar untuk meringankan dampak pandemi COVID-19. Hasil evaluasi pre dan post test menunjukkan peningkatan nilai sebesar 38 point atau 44.2%. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa mitra paham akan konsep gizi sehat dan pemasaran online. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi menunjukkan mitra sudah mampu secara mandiri membuat prodiuk yoghurtnya sendiri dan sudah memasarkan dilingkungan tempat tinggal mereka. Mitra juga mampu memasarkan yoghurt menggunakan media sosial seperti WhatsApp dan Facebook.
Pedagang lumpia merupakan kelompok pedagang kaki lima yang banyak ditemukan di kawasan wisata pantai Sanur Denpasar. Pedagang lumpia secara rutin menghasilkan limbah minyak jelantah sebagai produk sampingan dari aktivitas menggoreng. Namun selama ini pedagang lumpia kerap kali membuang limbah minyak jelantah mereka ke lingkungan tanpa diolah lebih lanjut. Maka dari itu, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi kelompok penjual lumpia akan dampak negatif minyak jelantah bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Secara spesifik, mitra akan diberdayakan untuk mengolah limbah minyak jelantah menjadi sabun cuci. Disamping itu, kegiatan pengabdian juga difokuskan untuk memberikan pelatihan penjualan berbasis media online untuk mengatasi turunnya omzet lumpia akibat adanya pembatasan kegiatan selama pandemic COVID-19. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan metode focus group discussion dan pemaparan materi dari tim pengabdi. Hasil evaluasi pre dan posttest menunjukkan mitra mengalami peningkatan pemahaman sebesar 42.5% terkait konsep kesehatan lingkungan dan pemasaran online. Tahapan monitoring dan evaluasi yang dilakukan tim pengabdi selama 1 bulan menunjukkan mitra secara mandiri mampu mengolah minyak jelantah yang mereka hasilkan menjadi sabun. Mitra juga telah secara rutin memasarkan lumpia melalui media yang secara nyata membantu peningkatan omzet penjualan di masa pandemi COVID-19. Kata kunci : minyak jelantah, pedagang lumpia, sabun, pemasaran online
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