BACKGROUND: The behavior of pesticide use that does not meet the standards will increase the risk of pesticide intoxication among farmers. The main content of pesticides, namely, organophosphates and carbamate, has been widely known to be the main culprit of the negative side effect through inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. However, this effect theoretically could be reduced by exogenous antioxidants properties provided in tamarillo fruit. AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of tamarillo consumption on the AChE activity and biomarkers of oxidative stress among farmers who exposed daily pesticide-related activity. METHODS: A randomized, open-label clinical trial was conducted among 40 farmers in the Baturiti, Tabanan Regency, Bali, Indonesia, during March–August 2018. The respondents were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Groups of farmers without tamarillo juice supplementation (control), and groups of farmers who were given pure tamarillotamarillo juice 250 ml/day every day for 2 weeks (intervention). Measurement of AChE, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels was carried out at the beginning and the end of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 for windows. RESULTS: Bioactive compound assessment found several antioxidant properties such as flavonoid, tocopherol, polyphenol, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and anthocyanin. The study participants were dominated by male and the distribution of gender between control and intervention groups was comparable (p > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in age, height, weight, body mass index, land area, duration of being farmers, spraying frequency, and smoking history (p > 0.05). However, bivariate analysis between control and intervention groups found a statistically significant difference in SOD (MD: 23.31 ± 15.89 nmol/l; 95% CI: 14.13–32.49; p < 0.0001), MDA (MD: 81.82 ± 62.45 nmol/l; 95% CI: 45.76–117.88; p < 0.0001), and AChE (MD: 341.61 ± 206.44 nmol/min/ml; p < 0.0001) levels. CONCLUSION: Tamarillo consumption associated with increased AChE activity and improved oxidative stress through increased SOD and decreased MDA levels among farmers.

Anaerobic threshold is the level of oxygen consumption where lactate concentration in blood increasing rapidly and systemic. One of exercises which increase anaerobic threshold is high intensity interval training (HIIT), with training load over anaerobic threshold in a short time and interspersed with active recovery. Another form is steady state training (SST), with training load approaching anaerobic threshold constantly. The purpose of this study to determine differences in the effectiveness of HIIT and SST among students member of short distance running athletic extracurricular groups in Denpasar. This study is pre test and post test experimental group design for 6 weeks and three times a week. Samples included 24 people divided into 2 groups. Group 1 HIIT with the training load of 95% maximum heart rate and Group 2 SST with the training load 80% of maximum heart rate. Measurement of anaerobic threshold by determining Heart Rate Deflection Point (HRDP) according to the Conconi track protocol. The results of the study in both groups obtained subjects 12-16 years old, male, body weight 50-65 kg, height 160-178 cm, and IMT from 16.33 to 22.27 kg / m2. Mean of anaerobic threshold before HIIT training 178.17 ± 2.368 x/minute, while after HIIT increased to 197.83 ± 3.460 x/minute. Mean of anaerobic threshold before SST 177.17 ± 1.586 x/minute, while after SST increased to 185.25 ± 1.288 x/minute. Test of different mean of anaerobic threshold pretest within Group 1 and Group 2 showed that p=0,237 (p>0,05). Test of different mean of increasing anaerobic threshold before and after training in Group 1 and Group 2 using Independent t-Test data test post two groups showed that p = 0.01 (p <0.05). Its concluded HIIT increase anaerobic threshold more than SST among students member of short distance running athletic extracurricular groups in Denpasar. Suggestions for this study are expected coaches able to provide proper training and monitoring methods HRDP evaluation in improving the achievement of athletes.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan latihan jalan tandem lebih meningkatkan keseimbangan lansia daripada latihan balance strategy. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian Pre and Post Test Two Group Design yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai Februari tahun 2017 dan populasinya adalah lansia di Banjar Umacandi, Desa Buduk, Kecamatan Mengwi dengan umur 60–74 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 12 orang pada kelompok 1 dan 2. Pada Kelompok 1 diberikan latihan jalan tandem dan Kelompok 2 diberikan latihan balance strategy. Keseimbangan lansia diukur menggunakan Berg Balance Scale. Hasil penelitian pada Kelompok 1 diperoleh nilai rerata peningkatan keseimbangan sebelum latihan 40,67±4,09 dan setelah latihan 52,50±2,84. Kelompok 2 diperoleh nilai rerata peningkatan keseimbangan sebelum latihan 40,33±3,98 dan setelah latihan 48,83±3,85. Uji beda nilai rerata setelah latihan ditemukan bahwa peningkatan keseimbangan pada Kelompok 1 lebih besar daripada Kelompok 2 dengan dengan persentase sebesar 29% pada Kelompok 1 dan 21% pada Kelompok 2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan jalan tandem lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan daripada latihan balance strategy pada lansia.Kata Kunci: lansia, keseimbangan, jalan tandem, balance strategy

Lower back pain (NPB) is a major cause of disability affecting work and general welfare of workersAim: The study aims to determine the long sitting relationship to the lower back pain of miogenik and factors related to the weaving fabric in the village of Sidemen so that the results of the study can be used as a confirmatory study.Method: This study uses cross-sectional analytic design with the research sample are all respondents with low back pain complaints as appropriate with the inclusion criteria. The sample was chosen by purposive sampling technique with minimum number is 76 samples.Result: The results of the study showed that the largest number of samples were based on female gender groups 85.5% (65 people), age 25-50 years 75.0% (57 people), tenure> 10 years 90.8% (69 people), BMI not at risk (≤29.9) of 63.2% (48 people), for sporting habits 1 time a week 94.7% (72 people), based on Pain Disability Index (PDI) disrupted with PDI 0-35 score of 96 , 1% (73 people), based on sitting time> 4 hours of 81.6% (62 people), and for lower back pain complaints no NPB of 64.5% (49 people).Conclusion: Exact Fisher test results obtained p 0.011 which indicates that Ho is rejected which means there is a relationship between the sitting time to lower back pain miogenik on artisans of woven fabrics in the village of Sidemen. PR (prevalence ratio) was found to be 5,871 which means woven craftsman who sat> 4 hours 5,871 times more risky to experience lower back pain than sitting <4 hours. Nyeri punggung bawah (NPB) tersebut merupakan penyebab utama kecacatan yang mempengaruhi pekerjaan dan kesejahteraan umum pekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross-sectional analitik dengan sampel penelitian adalah semua responden dengan keluhan nyeri punggung bawah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah minimal adalah 76 sampel.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan lama duduk terhadap nyeri punggung bawah miogenik dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada pengerajin kain tenun di Desa Sidemen sehingga hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai studi konfirmatif..Metode: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah sampel terbanyak berdasarkan kelompok jenis kelamin perempuan 85,5% (65 orang), usia 25-50 tahun 75,0% (57 orang), masa kerja >10 tahun 90,8% (69 orang), IMT yang tidak beresiko (≤29,9) sebesar 63,2% (48 orang), untuk kebiasaan olahraga 1 kali dalam seminggu 94,7% (72 orang), berdasarkan Pain Disability Index (PDI) terganggu dengan skor PDI 0-35 sebesar 96,1% (73 orang), berdasarkan lama duduk >4 jam sebesar 81,6% (62 orang), dan untuk keluhan nyeri punggung bawah tidak NPB sebesar 64,5% (49 orang).Simpulan Hasil uji Exact Fisher memperoleh p 0,011 yang menandakan bahwa Ho ditolak yang artinya terdapat hubungan antara lama duduk terhadap nyeri punggung bawah miogenik pada pengerajin kain tenun di Desa Sidemen. PR (prevalensi rasio) didapatkan 5,871 yang artinya pengerajin kain tenun yang duduk >4 jam 5,871 kali lebih berisiko untuk mengalami nyeri punggung bawah dibandingkan yang duduk <4 jam.

Basketball is a big ball game that requires well cardiovascular endurance. Cardiovasculer endurance can be improved using interval training and fartlek training. This study aimed to determine the effect of interval training and fartlek training on cardiovascular endurance improvement. The study was a experimental that use randomized pretest posttest design group control that does in SMA Negeri 1 Sukawati. The sample of study was students of extracurricular basketball SMA Negeri 1 Sukawati, which were 22 students that divided into 2 groups. Both groups were given different training during 6 weeks with training frequency three times a week for one and a half months. The first group was given interval training and the second group was given fartlek training. Cardiovascular endurance was measured with a multistage fitness test (MFT). The result showed the mean of cardiovascular endurance between the groups after training was 41.66 ± 2.733 ml / kg / minute in the interval training group and was 48.92 ± 2.385 ml / kg / minute in the fartlek group. The cardiovascular endurance between both groups was significantly different (p<0.05), meaningful and have improvement. The conclusion is the interval training and fartlek training are able to improve cardiovascular endurance, however fartlek training is better than interval training in improving cardiovascular endurance. Therefore, it is advisable to use fartlek training to improve cardiovascular endurance for basketball players.Keywords: cardiovascular endurance, fartlek training, interval training