Hydram pump has been found more than two centuries ago, and has been widely developed and operated to this day. However, constraints complaints by the people are easily damaged on its rubber of waste valve and delivery valve of the hydram pump. In addition, the reliability of the plate valve models is also awfully where its rubber of the valve is quickly worn or damaged. It has been reducing the interest of the community in utilizing hydram pumps. Moreover, there is no yet a comprehensive procedure in planning and making dimensions of hydram pump. Then, design of a spherical shaped delivery valve model on the hydram pump has been made ​​and tested. Considering that hydram pump is also called impulse pump which work due to the effects of water hammer, therefore, it need to know the forces that take place in the hydram pump. Then, from these forces can be calculated dimensions of hydram pump and its performance can be predicted. From the results of the study shows that dimensions and performance of the hydram pump is very close to the results of assessment that has been done. Finally, a procedure in planning a hydram pump has been recommended.

No abstract

A hydraulic ram pumps are simple structures, consisting of two moving parts, the waste valve and the press valve. The waste valve mainly affects the magnitude of the impulse force generated. However, interaction of all elements of hydraulic ram pump system influence each other makes its operation becomes complex. Moreover, a detailed description of this hydraulic ram pump has not been well understood. In order to get the hydraulic ram pump designs, it needs to recognize comprehensively the water flow phenomenon that take place in the hydraulic ram pump working cycles. Therefore, visualization of the water flow characteristic in the hydraulic ram pump is done by constructing a hydraulic ram pump model using a transparent material that is acrylic. The characteristics of the waste valve are affected by parameters such as the orifice diameter of the valve, the diameter of the valve disk, the step length, and the valve weight and the discharge and water head of the hydraulic ram pump drive. Besides all these parameters affect each other. Therefore, in this experiment, experimental testing was conducted in the laboratory on hydraulic ram pump waste valve model to investigate the effect of waste valve orifice and disk diameter on hydraulic ram pump. The results showed that the diameter of orifice and disk of the waste valve have significantly influencing the flow pattern in the hydraulic ram pump body and its time movement each stage of the cycle. The greater the diameter of the orifice and the disk of the waste valve the velocity of water that has vortex more and more, so the speed of water flow in the body of the pump also decreases. Furthermore, the larger the diameter of the waste valve disk the shorter the interval of the hydraulic ram pump valve movements, so the frequency of the hydraulic ram pump valve movement increases.

Utilization of renewable energy potential continues to be developed at this time. One of them is a hydroelectric power plant with turbulent vortex technology. One of the vortex turbine blade designs that has been developed is the semi twisted curve. The blades shape of the blades and the position of the runners affect the performance of the vortex turbine. This research uses CFD simulation by varying the rotational speed of the runner, which is between 80 to 120 rpm. The position of the upper end of the runner is placed at a depth of 4.5 cm from the total depth of the cone basin of 33 cm, the maximum water power is set at 28.66 Watt obtained from the mass flow rate of water of 6.21 kg/s. The simulation results show that as the runner's rotational speed increases, the torque decreases, as well as the torque decreases slightly. The highest turbine power and efficiency occurred at 90 rpm runner rotation, which was 4.044 Watt and 14.11% respectively. This is because the turbine power calculation is the result of the multiplication between torque and runner rotation which produces the highest value at 90 rpm.

Pompa hydram telah banyak diaplikasikan terutama di daerah pedesaan atau perbukitan dimana ketersediaan suplai energy listrik menjadi kendala. Pompa hydram adalah pompa mekanis yang memanfaatkan peningkatan tekanan (water hammer) yang terjadi akibat mekanisme penutupan katup limbah secara tiba-tiba. Untuk itu pada badan pompa hydram dipasang tabung udara untuk mengurangi denyutan aliran air hasil pemompaan. Dalam kurun waktu tertentu operasi pompa hydram, jumlah udara yang ada dalam tabung udara akan terus berkurang. Untuk menggantikan volume udara dalam tabung udara tersebut maka pompa hydram dilengkapi dengan katup penghirup udara (snifter-valve). Namun dalam implementasinya, katup ini hanya berupa lubang berdiameter 1 ÷ 2 mm pada jarak sekitar 2 cm di bawah katup tekan pada badan pompa hydram. Namun sampai saat ini belum ada acuan diameter lubang snifter-valve tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, pada penelitian ini diinvestigasi besarnya peningkatan tekanan yang terjadi dalam tabung udara pompa hydram. Pada penelitian ini pompa hydram dilengkapi dengan katup hirup dengan variasi diameter lubangnya yaitu 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 dan 2,5 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada model pompa hydram dengan pipa penggerak berdiameter 1¼ inchi yang diuji, peningkatan tekanan yang terjadi dalam tabung udara berkisar antara 0,4 sampai dengan 0,5 bar. Snifter-valve dengan lubang berdiameter 1,5 mm menghasilkan peningkatan tekanan water hammer tertinggi dalam tabung udara sehingga memberikan kerja tertinggi yang terjadi dalam pompa hydram. Hydraulic ram pumps have been implemented and installed mainly in hilly or remote area where they are facing public electrical supply problem. Hydraulic ram pumps are mechanical pumps that utilize the increased water hammer due to the sudden shutdown mechanism of the waste valve. Therefore, the hydraulic ram pump is equipped with air vessel to reduce the pulsation of the pumping water flow. Within a certain period of hydraulic ram pump operation, the amount of air present in the air vessel will continue to decrease. In order to replace the air volume in the air vessel, the hydraulic ram pump is equipped with a snifter-valve. However, in its implementation, this valve is only a hole with a diameter of 1 ÷ 2 mm at a distance of about 2 cm below the delivery valve on the body of the hydraulic ram pump. However, there has not been any reference for determining the diameter of the snifter-valve hole yet. Therefore, in this study, works carried out for investigating the magnitude of the increased pressure that occurs in the air vessel of hydram pump. In this study, a hydraulic ram pump equipped with a snifter-valve with various orifice diameters of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mm. The results show that for the hydraulic ram pump model with 1¼ inch diameter of the drive pipe that tested, the incrising pressure in the air vessel is about 0.4 up to 0.5 bar. The snifter-valve with 1.5 mm orifice diameter generates the highest incrising pressure of water hammer pressure in the air vessel, therefore, it gives the maximum work in the hydraulic ram pump.