Klungkung had an essential role in the history of Bali; it was the central kingdom in Bali during the 15-19 centuries. As the central kingdom and the role model, Klungkung had a variety of architectural works that were uniquely different from those in other regions. It was necessary to explore the potential and characteristics of its architecture so that it can be used as a reference in creating architectural style in Klungkung. To study this characteristic, this paper analyzed its building forms and ornaments. Kori agungs, the main gate of the Balinese temple, were selected as samples to outline the architectural style. This study used field works to measure the existing buildings, especially buildings that are still original or have undergone reconstruction using appropriate conservation ways.

In Bali, crossroad or pempatan agung is not only seen as a channel of movement. Crossroad or better known as catuspatha in Balinese architecture has sacred meaning and values. In the days of the kingdoms, associated with its status as the center of the royal capital, catuspatha was functioned as the natah of the city. It was the center of citizen activities. Along with the development of times, technology, and the influence of economic, social and cultural factors, the catuspatha was increasingly experiencing development and changes. This study seeks to identify the development and changes of the catuspatha of Denpasar City based on the theory of The Third Typology by Anthony Vidler. The research method used is typical normative criticism which has the belief that buildings and urban areas are always built through a model based on the types of structural, functional, and shape. The results show that The Third Typology also applies to the catuspatha of Denpasar City, where its development and changes can be seen from three typologies, including the first typology which emphasizes natural philosophy, the second typology which is more modernist ideology, and the third typology neo rationalist which emphasizes on continuity of form and history.

<p class="Abstract"><em>The research that has been conducted has concluded that many villages in Bali are likely to develop into more sustainable ecotourism. One of them is Peliatan Village in Ubud District. Based on the synthesis of ecotourism theories, there are six criteria for ecotourism development, including environmental, community participation, education, economics, socio-cultural, and institutional. The first focus of this research is to find out the importance of community participation as a criterion for ecotourism development. The second is to understand the degree of participation of the Peliatan village community in the development of ecotourism. This research is a mixed-method research, adopting AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) methods to form a hierarchical structure of ecotourism development criteria, in order to understand the priority of community participation as an ecotourism standard. The results show that the criterion of community participation ranks third (slightly more important, with a weight of 0.168) after the environmental standard (weight 0.281) and social culture (0.210). Residents of Peliatan Village participate in each of the activities in their village (planning, development, management, monitoring/evaluation), which plays a very important role in the development of Peliatan Village's ecotourism. </em></p>

<p>Tenganan Pegringsingan village is one of most Bali Aga villages that located at Karangasem Regency, Bali. This village has a variety of vernacular buildings especially a settlement building. The settlement buildings that is a traditional houses are dwelling that still maintain pattern and shape of the building in the past. In this article will discuss about characteristics of green architecture in vernacular architecture and the genius that applied by people to response the environmental issues. Research using qualitative descriptive method by collecting data through field observations on vernacular building objects followed by a drawing of the object. The result of this research show that there four characteristics of green architecture on vernacular buildings at Tenganan village including aspects of land use, energy efficiency, water conservation, and cycles and material sources.</p>

Traditional houses usually reflect their surroundings. As they lived among natures, people of the past used resources they found around to build their houses, such as bamboo, reeds, and wood, which is now, remain as traditional housing. The material selections and construction techniques are based on the local environment, social structure, and economic circumstances. This living ways has been going on for a long time and proven to bring positive impacts on the surrounding environment. In Balinese architecture, the proper usage of these resources has been written in lontar manuscripts which are considered as guidelines in Balinese architectural and construction. This study used Lontar Asta Kosala-Kosali from the Geria Jlantik Baler which has been translated into Indonesian. The guidelines related to the basic concept, cosmology, material selections, and construction technique were studied using the interpretative criticism to find the deeper understanding in theory behind this guideline and explore the relation of the built environment and its inhabitant. Guidelines regarding basic concept and cosmology were proven to shows their strong relationship to human and nature which similar to the concept ‘ecological’ and ‘environment.’ The use of woods as the main material which was detailed in the guidelines shows an attempt to make the preservation of the rare and high-quality woods as well as building a durable house. This study may help to see which part of the Asta Kosala Kosali lontar still can be used as a guide by today’s architects to create a sustainable design concept.