Objective: To determine concordance and discordance between radiological and pathological findings of palpable breast lesions. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Oct 2018 to Mar 2019. Methodology: Imaging and histopathologic reports of a total of 170 female patients with breast lumps were analyzed. Concordance and discordance rates were estimated by comparing histopathology and imaging findings. All the reports were divided into four categories. Malignant concordant lesions showed malignant features and benign concordant lesions showed benign features on both imaging and histopathology. Malignant discordant lesions were those lesions, which were reported benign on imaging but proved to be malignant on histopathology and benign discordant lesions were those showing malignant features on imaging but turned out to be benign on histopathology. Results: Overall concordance was observed in 138 (81.2%) cases with a discordance rate of 18.8% (15.3% benign discordant and 3.5% malignant discordant). All malignant discordant cases (n=6, 3.5%) were reported as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category III on imaging and all came out to be invasive ductal carcinoma on histopathology. All benign discordant cases (n=26, 15.3%) were reported as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category IV on imaging. Conclusion: A higher discordance rate between imaging and histopathologic findings was observed in the present study as compared to what cited in the literature. Discordant cases should be followed by repeat biopsy for confirmation of diagnosis

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Objective: To study the frequency and distribution of Female genital tract (FGT) malignancies through data recouped from the tumour registry of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan. Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Histopathology Department, Armed Force Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from 2009-2018 Methodology: A total of 1586 cases of malignant tumours of FGT were retrieved from the AFIP tumour registry, and data were analyzed in terms of the age of the patients' site of the tumour. It was also compared with regional and international data. Results: Thirty-seven thousand seven hundred ninety-three malignant cases were reported at AFIP from 2009-2018, out of which 1586(4.19%) were of the female genital tract. Ovarian malignancies were most frequent among FGT tumours,637(40.1%), followed by uterine tumours 519(32.6%). Carcinoma of the cervix was found in 237 cases (15%). Vulva and vaginal cases were seen in only 7.7% patients. The FGTs ranked fourth among the top ten commonest tumours in females. Conclusion: The most common malignancy of the female genital tract was ovarian cancer. Endometrial carcinoma was the second most frequent gynaecological malignancy, followed by cervical carcinoma. Ovarian malignancies were in fourth position among the top ten commonest female tumours in the current analysis as well, as in the previous analysis from AFIP.

Aim: To determine the most common rugae pattern and to find if it has any association with dental arch form or malocclusion. Study Design and setting: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted using the records of 200 patients visiting the Orthodontic Outpatient department of Bahria University Medical and Dental College. Methodology: Number, size, orientation and pattern of palatal rugae were assessed on the plaster models. Dental malocclusion along with dental arch form and width were also evaluated. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies were analyzed. Chi square, Fischer exact test and One Way ANOVA was used to see the significance of differences, p≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The sample comprised of class I (n=97), class II(n=87) and class III(n=16).113 cases had inter-molar width >44mm while 87 had ≤44mm. Posterior orientation of the rugae, was pre-dominant for both right (n=100) and left (n=122) first rugae. The most common pattern was curved for both first rugae on right (n=66) and left (n=72) sides. Conclusion: Our study showed that the rugae pattern, size and numbers did not show significant variation in different malocclusion classes. It can be concluded that rugae pattern do not have any significant association with malocclusion class or arch form. Keywords: Arch form, Arch width, Forensic dentistry, Malocclusion, Palatal Rugae