Greek-French bilinguals were tested in three masked priming experiments with Greek primes and French targets. Related primes were the translation equivalents of target words, morphologically related to targets, or phonologically related to targets. In Experiment 1, cognate translation equivalents (phonologically similar translations) showed facilitatory priming, relative to matched phonologically related primes, in conditions in which morphologically related primes showed no effect (50-msec prime exposure). Cross-language morphological priming emerged at longer prime exposure durations (66 msec), but cognate primes continued to generate more priming than did those in the morphological condition. In Experiments 2 and 3, the level of phonological overlap across translation equivalents was varied, and priming effects were measured against those for matched phonologically related primes and those in an unrelated prime condition. When measured against the unrelated baseline, cognate primes showed the typical advantage over noncognate primes. However, this cognate advantage disappeared when priming was measured against the phonologically related prime condition. The results are discussed in terms of how translation equivalents are represented in bilingual memory.
La question de la régularité et la conjugaison du françaisBeaucoup de travaux contemporains en morphologie flexionnelle et en psycholinguistique s'appuient crucialement sur une dichotomie entre flexion régulière et flexion irrégulière, et s'interrogent soit sur les meilleurs moyens de modéliser explicitement une telle dichotomie, soit sur la pertinence d'une telle modélisation. Les débats sont empiriquement fondés sur l'exemple de la conjugaison de l'anglais : en anglais, un patron de conjugaison unique (passé en -ed, participe passé en -ed) rend compte de la grande majorité des lexèmes existants, est adopté pour presque tous les nouveaux lexèmes, est la cible des changements historiques, etc. ; les autres patrons étant utilisés de manière plus ou moins erratique. Il a souvent été noté que le choix de l'anglais n'est pas anodin, et que le rôle central donné, pour des raisons sociologiques plus que scientifiques, à la modélisation de cette langue explique pour une part l'intérêt pour la question de la régularité dans les discussions en morphologie. Cependant, le fait que la dichotomie régulier/irrégulier est moins directement perceptible dans d'autres langues ne permet pas de conclure qu'elle est inopérante. C'est dans cette optique que cet article explore empiriquement la réalité d'une distinction régulier/irrégulier dans la conjugaison du français.La grammaire française distingue traditionnellement trois classes, ou « groupes », de conjugaison, dont les caractéristiques sont illustrées dans le tableau 1. Le premier groupe est caractérisé, entre autres, par un infinitif en -er (/e/) et l'utilisation d'un radical unique au présent de l'indicatif. Le deuxième groupe est caractérisé par un infinitif en -ir (/ir/) et l'utilisation de deux radicaux au présent, respectivement en -i (/i/) et en -iss (/is/). Le troisième groupe est défini par l'absence des traits caractéristiques des deux premiers groupes. Forme
Despite intensive study of morphological effects using various on-line techniques such as masked priming, psycholinguistic accounts of morphological processing have not yet managed to grasp the complexity of the various kinds of relationships between words. We focus on three issues related to aspects of processing that have not been given much importance but can considerably influence the effects we observe. The first issue to be dealt with is the role of frequency of the lexical items used and particularly the role of prime-target relative frequency. Second, ‘morphological’ effects with nonwords (e.g. sportation –sport), which are very often interpreted as if the status of possible word did not exist. Finally, the role of a novel variable, pseudo-family size, reflecting the influence of formally related but morphologically unrelated word forms, providing evidence for interference/competition during the early stages of morphological processing. These factors suggest that the complex set of activation/inhibition related to the lexical environment of the word-to-be-identified should be taken into account, and that morphological processing models should try to introduce factors related to the paradigmatic structure of language.
Two masked priming experiments with Greek advanced ESL speakers were run in order to reproduce the experiments reported by Silva & Clahsen (2008): our data yielded similar derivational priming but divergent results for inflectional priming. After comparing the two sets of results and examining some discrepancies between the two studies, we provide an interpretation outside the decompositional framework: morphological priming effects are not viewed as low level perceptual saliency effects but rather as the result of the form-meaning systematic relations.
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