This study aims to analyze the parenting style of a Native American father named Kino in John Ernest Steinbeck's The Pearl. Through Kino, all the emotions common to humanity such as family satisfaction, the joy and excitement of finding a great treasure, the fear when family life is threatened, the anxiety of being hunted down, and the tragedy of losing a loved one are revealed. This research applied a qualitative descriptive method with a sociological approach to literature to reveal the relationship between the Native American father and the role of fathers. This research data is collected from the actions and words of the characters in the story. The research results indicate the important role of the Native American fathers played by Kino through the role of father thinking and behavior. Five paternal roles involving Kino's actions as a Native American father such as Kino as a provider, protector, decision- maker, educator, and foster mother are vividly reflected in this research.

Animalism is a figurative representation of animal images in artistic works. This study examines the animal and human characters' function in Sewell's Black Beauty in portraying animal cruelty and its background effect. Data were collected from the novel Black Beauty and Anna Sewell's biographies and descriptively analyzed. After the analysis, some animal characters in Black Beauty function as the animal victim. The rest were portrayed as gay and mercy animals well-treated by its owner. On the other hand, some human characters functioned as offenders. The rest portrayed kind-hearted fellows fond of animals, stand against abusive acts, and advised others to desist from hurting animals. The result showed that five factors affected Sewell's life background, namely ankle illness, Phillip Sewell, Late Industrial Revolution, Victorian Era, and Crimean War.