Introduction: Globally tobacco smoking is considered as a foremost public health problem. Erythrocytes membrane lipids are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the oxidative effects of oxygen on its membrane are greater than other tissues and the condition is heightened by tobacco smoke.Free radicals present in the tobacco increases peroxidation products in blood and vascular tissues are chiefly responsible for harmful effects. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the impact of stress induced by tobacco smoke on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in patients with anemia. Methodology: A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital, included 150 tobacco smoking anemic and 150 healthy volunteers. The stress parameter was assessed by the determination of malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide and nitric oxide. The non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E and total antioxidant activity and enzymatic antioxidants were catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also determined. Result: Hemoglobin level in anemic smokers showed raised level as compared to healthyindividualsbut there was diminished antioxidants status and elevated free radical parameters in anemic smokersdespite their raised hemoglobin status.We found statistically increased malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide and nitric oxide levels and decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, thus increasing the oxidative stress. Conclusion: The present study showed high concentration of hemoglobin, low status of non-enzymatic antioxidants and high levels of oxidants as compared to controls reflecting the destructive and oxidative effects of tobacco smoke.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications. This study was undertaken to find the oxidative stress and antioxidant conditions in diabetic and healthy individuals.Method: A case-control study was carried out at Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital & Research center, Kathmandu, Nepal from January 2018 to January 2019 with 200 subjects. Amongst them 100 were diagnosed as diabetic individuals and rest 100 were healthy controls with age and gender matched. Blood samples were drawn after overnight fasting for the analysis of glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides, nitric oxide, total antioxidant activity, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxidase and catalase.Result: The plasma glucose, lipid peroxidation parameters: TBARS, lipid hydroperoxide and nitric oxide were increased in diabetic patients. Antioxidants markers included: total antioxidant activity, reduced glutathione, vitamins A, C & E levels were significantly decreased in diabetic patients compared to healthy control counterpart.Conclusion: Increased evidence of free radicals/ oxidative stress with respect to decreased levels of antioxidants has implicated a strong role in progression of diabetes and its associated complications. Appropriate medications with antioxidants supplementation, physical exercise, and restricted diet can improve diabetes through the reduction of oxidative stress.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 04 October’21 Page: 454-458