Introduction: Self-medication practice among future prescribers can cause a serious threat to thehealth care profession. There has been an increasing trend among medical and dental students forself-medication. The objective of our study was to find the prevalence and practice of self-medicationamong dental undergraduates in Kantipur Dental College and Teaching Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all the dental undergraduatestudents of Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, from July to September 2018. Ethical clearancewas obtained from the institutional review board. A convenience sampling method was used. A prevalidated questionnaire was handed to the students in their classroom to collect the data. The datawere analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 and Microsoft Excel 2010and presented as frequency and percentage. Results: The prevalence of self-medication among dental undergraduates was found to be in 150(83.3%) out of a total of 180 students who participated in the study. Conclusions: Self-medication was commonly practiced by dental students. Self-medication shouldbe considered as a serious threat, especially among the students with inadequate knowledge of drug,dose, and duration of treatment.

Introduction: Human nose is one of the important anthropometric parameters for identification of ethnicity and sex of an individual of an unknown identity. The nasal index holds a great value in anthropological studies, because it is one of the anthropometric indices acknowledged in nasal surgery as well as management. The study aims to find the mean nasal index and the nose type of dental students of Kantipur Dental College of Nepal. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 dental students of age groups 17-25 years, in the Department of Anatomy, Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Basundhara, Kathmandu. The studied population belongs to dental students of Kantipur Dental College and Research Centre. The nasal parameters including the nasal height, nasal width was measured using Digital Vernier Caliper and the nose was classified in three different types based on the value of nasal index. Results: The mean nasal index of total population was 81.34±14.88 mm with confidence interval range of 78.85 and 83.83 mm. Mesorrhine type of nose was found to be most common among the total population. Mean nasal index in male is 84.49±12.46 mm and in female is 80.66±15.32 mm. Conclusions: This study concludes that the mean values of nasal index of all the students falls under mesorrhine (medium) type of nose.

Objectives: To assess oxidative damage and lipid profile levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without tobacco chewing habit. Methods: Total of 141 newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with tobacco chewing habit from past >18 years were included, 136 Type 2diabetes mellitus without any tobacco chewing habit, 140 normal healthy subjects without any tobacco chewing habit were included in the study. Blood sample was collected after 8-12 hours fasting from each subject to estimate glucose and cholesterol. The plasma was used for estimation of total antioxidant (TAA) activity, Vitamin C and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) by standard methods. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 16. Results: The glucose, cholesterol and TBARS levels were found to be increased significantly (p<0.001) in diabetic patients with tobacco chewing habit, as well as TAA, Vitamin C levels decreased significantly (p<0.001) when compared with healthy individuals. Conclusion: We observed increased oxidative stress and declined levels of antioxidants in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with tobacco chewing habit. It is known that hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress and further facilitate the progression of diabetic complications. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(1) 2019 p.78-82

Background: Free radicals are reactive oxygen species which cause lipid peroxidation precipitating many metabolic diseases including Diabetes Mellitus. However, these free radicals are quenched by substances known as antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E and several other compounds. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status were investigated in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus-Pokhara, Nepal. Methods:The extent of lipid peroxidation was assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and the antioxidant parameter estimations were total antioxidant activity, Vitamin C and Vitamin E assessed in Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patients along with matched healthy counterparts. results:The lipid peroxidation was increased in male Type 1 and 2 diabetic patients whereas female group showed decreased level as compared to its healthy counterparts. Similarly, the total antioxidant activity was found to be decreased in the diabetic group. The lipid peroxidation parameter and antioxidant status were statistically significant at p< 0.05. Conclusion:Oxidative stress and antioxidant status varied in male and female patients suffering from diabetes either Type 1 or Type 2. Apart from gender basis of evaluating oxidative stress, variables based on diet, habitat, socioeconomic status, education, etc. can also be considered.

Introduction: Body mass index is an important parameter associated with a variety of disease processes. The risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases increases with an increase in body mass index. The study was conducted to compare the relationship between body mass index and blood pressure. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and correlate the Obesity and Hypertension in    medical students  Methodology: The study was conducted in 200 students (113 males and 87 females). Height, weight and blood pressure were recorded from all participants and body mass index was calculated. The recorded body mass index was utilized to divide the student into underweight, normal, over weight and obese category according to the World Health organization body mass index classification. Hypertension was determined from the measure of blood pressure. Then comparison of blood pressure with body mass index was made. Results: Among 200 students 6% were obese, 22% were overweight, 65% were normal and 7% underweight. The mean height was 163cm and mean weight 60.48kg. The mean value of systolic blood pressure (105.85, 115.45, 134.95, 137.16 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (70.14, 76.15, 90.72, 93.33 mmHg) increased with increasing body mass index. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity increases the risk of hypertension among students.