Active commuting to school (ACS) is an important source of physical activity among children. Recent research has focused on ACS and its benefits on cognition and academic achievement (AA), factors important for success in school. This review aims to synthesize literature on the relationship between ACS and cognition or AA among children and adolescents. Peer-reviewed articles in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library assessing ACS with cognition and/or AA among children, until February 2019, were selected. Twelve studies across nine countries (age range 4-18.5 years) were included. One study used accelerometers, whereas all others used self-report measures of ACS. A wide range of objective assessments of cognitive functioning and AA domains were used. Five among eight studies, and four among six found a positive relationship between ACS and cognitive or AA measure, respectively. Four studies found dose-response relationships, and some studies found sex differences. The quantitative analysis found that ACS was not significantly associated with mathematics score (odds ratio = 1.18; CI = 0.40, 3.48). Findings are discussed in terms of methodological issues, potential confounders, and the strength of the evidence. Future studies should conduct longitudinal studies and use objective measures of ACS to understand this relationship further.

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is known to benefit cognition among older adults, but the impact of active travel is unclear. To explore this relationship, data from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (N = 2,702; mean age = 70) were retrieved on the self-reported frequency and duration of active travel (walking/cycling for transport, >20 min), LTPA engagement (e.g., sport), and three cognitive outcomes. Four groups were created according to physical activity guidelines (600 metabolic equivalent of task/week): inactive (n = 1,790), active travelers (n = 210), engaging in LTPA (n = 579), and engaging in both (n = 123). Analysis of covariance (and follow-up comparisons) revealed a significant main effect for each cognition variable, after adjusting for the covariates, indicating that those engaging in LTPA performed the best. Although correlational, these findings suggest that LTPA engagement may be important for cognition among older adults, but active travel did not provide added benefit.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Hemodialysis (HD) patients are often prescribed salt and fluid-restricted diets to reduce their interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and prevent chronic volume overload and hypertension. However, adherence to fluid restrictions is poor, which may be due to HD patients’ excessive thirst. The purpose of the review is to explore the association between HD patients’ subjective thirst and IDWG, which may inform strategies to manage chronic volume overload. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted the literature search in Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, until February 25, 2019. Studies performing statistical tests to assess the association between patients’ subjective thirst and IDWG were included. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of eighteen studies were included in the systematic review, which measured the relationship between patients’ subjective thirst and IDWG. Among them, 14 studies found that different domains of thirst and different units of IDWG are positively associated. Therefore, there is a positive association between the patients’ subjective thirst and IDWG. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously as there was variability in thirst and IDWG measurement techniques, which might influence the estimated relationship in these studies. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> These data suggest that strategies are needed to reduce thirst to control IDWG in HD patients.

The feasibility of a moderate-intensity yoga intervention, delivered remotely via supervised and unsupervised sessions, and its psychosocial and cognitive effects have not been thoroughly investigated. This randomized controlled trial assessed feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an 8-week moderate-intensity yoga intervention (3×/week, 50 min) delivered remotely (vs. a waitlist control arm), on stress and cognitive functioning. Participants (n = 86) were low active, full-time working adults (81.40% female; M age = 41 years) with symptoms of stress. Feasibility was assessed via adherence, enjoyment, and safety; stress and anxiety via self-report questionnaires; and executive functioning via neuropsychological tests. Overall attendance was 75.1%, 100% of participants enjoyed the intervention, and only one adverse event was reported. At follow-up, the yoga group had significantly lower stress and anxiety, and higher accuracy on working memory tasks. Remote moderate intensity yoga practice proved safe, enjoyable, and may reduce stress and improve cognitive functioning. This study was pre-registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04740229).