MI varnish had better remineralization effect in primary teeth than Prevident varnish in terms of higher mineral content and shallower lesion depth.

INTRODUCTION:Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a multifactorial disease and has numerous biological, psychological and behavioral factors. It is a significant public health problem with consequences for the growth and development of affected children OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess differences between children with early childhood caries and caries free children in socioeconomic background, previous dental visits, oral hygiene practices and dietary habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Parents responded to a questionnaire about children's background (age, sex, parental occupation and education and birth rank), in addition to previous dental visits, nursing history, tooth brushing frequency, use of fluoridated toothpaste, parental supervision of brushing and dietary habits (snack type, frequency and daily quantity). Clinical examination assessed caries using World Health Organization criteria and plaque using Loe and Silness Plaque index. The sample consisted of 84, 4-5-year-old children who visited the pediatric dentistry clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University in 2016. Equal number of cases (children with ECC) and controls (caries free children) were included. RESULTS: Children with ECC were significantly more likely to be first borne compared to caries free children (71.4% and 52.4%, P= 0.006). Previous dental visits were reported in 38.1% of children with ECC compared to 4.8% of caries free children (p<0.0001). Exclusive breast feeding was reported in 83.3% of children with ECC compared to 59.5% of caries free children (p=0.02). Plaque index in children with ECC was significantly higher (0.70±0.53) than that of caries free children (0.39±0.50, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Being first borne, history of previous dental visits, exclusive breast feeding and high plaque index were factors that differed significantly between children with ECC and caries free children.

INTRODUCTION:Fluoride containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) varnishes are now available as (MI Varnish). It has an effect on the remineralization process of demineralized enamel, since it has the highest release of calcium and fluoride ions. OBJECTIVES:To study the remineralizing effect of fluoride varnish containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (MI varnish) on the remineralization of caries-like lesions in primary teeth compared to sodium fluoride varnish. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four freshly extracted primary maxillary incisors with standardized 4x4 windows were immersed in demineralizing solution for four days. Teeth were divided into two groups, group I (n=12 teeth); MI varnish and group II (n=12 teeth); Prevident varnish. They were sectioned into two halves in a buccolingual direction (48 specimens). One half was treated with the remineralizing agent and the other half remained untreated and served as its control. Specimens were assigned into subgroup I A (MI varnish) n=12 specimens, subgroup I B (untreated) n=12 specimens, subgroup II A (Prevident varnish) n=12 specimens and subgroup II B (untreated) n=12 specimens. Specimens were subjected to pH cycling for ten days. The specimens were evaluated quantitatively using energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX). RESULTS: MI varnish treated specimens (subgroup I A) showed significant high mean Ca, Ca/P ratio than the untreated specimens. Also, Prevident varnish treated specimens showed significant high mean Ca, Ca/P ratio than the untreated specimens. Median percent change of Ca/P ratio of MI varnish treated specimens was significantly higher than Prevident varnish treated specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoride varnish containing CPP-ACP has a higher remineralization potential of the caries-like lesion in primary teeth in comparison to sodium fluoride varnish.

Background Minimally invasive dentistry is a highly convenient and efficient method of managing caries in pediatric patients. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is commonly used to arrest active caries lesions. However, the associated black stain, possibility of soft tissue injury, and unpleasant taste often limit its use. Recently, nanosilver fluoride (NSF) emerged as a promising topical fluoride agent with potent cariostatic and antibacterial potentials. This novel anticaries agent has gained attention as an alternative to overcome the drawbacks of SDF in caries arrest. Objectives To assess the antibacterial effect of NSF in relation to caries activity in dentin caries lesions, as well as to investigate the change in saliva bacterial levels in primary teeth in comparison to SDF after 1 and 3 months. Materials and methods Fifty children aged 4 to 6 years old with active dentin caries lesions (score 5 according to International Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria) will be enrolled in the study. They will be equally and randomly allocated into 2 groups: a group receiving NSF and a control group receiving SDF treatment. Microbiological samples will be collected from the carious lesions and from unstimulated saliva at the baseline and at the 1 and 3 months’ follow-up appointments. Bacterial counts will be assessed using Mitis Salivarius agar (selective culture media for S. mutans) and Rogosa agar (selective culture media for lactobacilli), and the results will be expressed in colony-forming units. Data regarding the children’s oral health will be collected and their dmf index will be scored. The arrest of active carious lesions will be measured at the follow-up appointments according to ICDAS II criteria. Results The relation between bacterial colony counts and lesion activity for both groups will be assessed, as well as the change in salivary bacterial counts. The collected data will be statistically evaluated and tabulated. This clinical trial has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in January 2022 (original version) with ID: NCT05221749.

INTRODUCTION: Silver has long been recognized for its antimicrobial effect on a wide spectrum of microorganisms. Consequently, silver nanoparticles became among the most common therapeutic nanoparticles under research in the field of caries prevention. Pit-and-fissure sealants are among the major components in the field of caries prevention which could have an additional antibacterial benefit through silver nanoparticles addition. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to evaluate, in-vitro, the marginal seal of silver nanoparticle-added pits and fissure sealant in comparison to the conventional sealant in permanent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty sound premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes were randomly assigned into two main groups; Group I (n=15) for silver nanoparticle-added ClinproTM sealant and Group II (n=15) for the conventional ClinproTM sealant. Silver nanoparticle-added sealant was prepared by mixing the contents of one syringe of ClinproTM sealant to silver nanopowder of particle size 50-80nm at a concentration of 6.25μg/ml. For microleakage testing, after sealant application and thermocycling for 500 thermal cycles, the sealed teeth was immersed into 1% methylene blue solution for 24h, sectioned longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction and then examined under stereomicroscope for dye penetration assessment at x60 magnification. RESULTS: Using Mann Whitney U test there was no statistically significant difference in microleakage between both groups (P= 0.325) CONCLUSION: Addition of silver nanoparticles to pit-and-fissure sealant did not affect its sealing ability.