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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are receiving a lot of research attention due to continual improvement in the technologies used by these networks. The energy efficiency of sensor nodes and the network as a whole is of specific importance. One possible area where energy savings can be made lies within the routing protocols employed; however, these protocols are typically only simulated. In this work we develop a WSN testbed and conduct investigations on the fidelity of simulated energy-aware WNS routing protocols. It was found that the real-world performance of these energy-aware protocols was significantly lower than that predicted by simulation models. This can be mainly attributed to chip-level effects not taken into account by simulation models, leading to simulated results that cannot be achieved in real-world deployments. This work illuminates the shortfalls of existing simulation models and suggests ways in which these models can be improved. Additionally the testbed allows other energy-aware routing protocols to be investigated easily.

Similar to the constrained facility location problem, the passive optical network (PON) planning problem necessitates the search for a subset of deployed facilities (splitters) and their allocated demand points (optical network units) to minimise the overall deployment cost. A mixed integer linear programming formulation stemming from network flow optimisation is used to construct a heuristic based on limiting the total number of interconnecting paths when implementing fibre duct sharing. A disintegration heuristic is proposed based on the output of a centroid, density-based and a hybrid clustering algorithm to reduce the time complexity while ensuring close to optimal results. The proposed heuristics are then evaluated using a large real-world dataset, showing favourable performance.