Background Trauma is the most frequent cause of young adult (under 45 years of age) fatalities worldwide, and traumatic brain injury accounts for up to 50% of these deaths. The incidence of traumatic brain injuries is increasing globally, largely due to an increase in motor vehicle use in low-income and middle-income countries. Purpose The aim of study was to investigate the factors that modulate the prognosis of patients with traumatic acute subdural hematoma. Patients and methods This study was conducted on 30 patients with acute traumatic subdural hematoma managed in the Department of Neurosurgery, ER, and Surgical ICU, Al-Azhar University Hospitals. All the data collected were statistically analyzed and the results were compared with the international results. Our recommendations were based on that comparison. Results Mortality rate was 53.3% (16 patients) in our study. The mean and SD of age in our study was 46.3±20.6 years. The range of age was 64 years (21–85 years). There was no statistical difference between sexes as regards age (P=0.393). The entire study population was subjected to logistic regression analysis, severity of injury, presence of a secondary injury especially hypoxia or both hypoxia and hypotension. Polytrauma, status of conscious level at admission, anemia, thickness of hematoma, and necessity for endotracheal intubation were enrolled. The hypoxia and lower Glasgow coma scale at admission were found to be significant predictors of mortality. Conclusion Traumatic acute subdural hematoma still has a high mortality rate despite all developments in neurosurgical interventions. Initially low Glasgow coma scale and hypoxia are important parameters that correlate with the mortality rate.

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Background: Pituitary macro-adenomas form about 10% of intracranial tumors. Most of them are non-functioning and manifestations are due to space-occupying effects or clinical hypopituitarism. Functioning adenomas result in the conditions of Cushing's disease, galactorrhoea/oligo/amenorrhoea and acromegaly. Nonfunctioning pituitary tumors may also produce hyper-prolactinaemia due to dis-inhibition of the effects of hypothalamic dopamine on lactotroph cells. Aim of the work: Detection of surgical complications of endoscopic endo-nasal trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors and how to avoid and manage them. Material and Methods: This study is conducted upon 40 cases diagnosed to have pituitary tumors, operated upon in the department of Neurosurgery at Al-Azhar University Hospitals, and Shibin Al.Kawm teaching hospital from March 2017 to March 2019. Prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results: Eleven patients suffered complications, as CSF leak, intraoperative bleeding, and herniation of diaphragm sellae. Conclusions: Endoscopic Trans-sphenoidal approach usually is the method of choice for treating pituitary tumors due to lower risk of complications.