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The 3D US methods in case of obstructive uropathy have proved to be useful as an easy, mobile and non-invasive diagnostic tool, improving 2D US diagnostic utility.

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Background: Chronic low back discomfort is frequently brought on by the sacroiliac joint. The SIJ may be involved in 15-30% of patients who attend for examination of low back pain. Aim of the work: This study evaluates sacroiliac fixation in patients with sacroiliitis associated with L5 lythesis. Patients and methods: In this prospective and retrospective study, 10 individuals with spinal disorders were examined. Ten patients with mechanical sacroiliac joint discomfort underwent sacroiliac joint fixation. Results: Overall, this series' results showed that 7 patients (or 70%) had fully resolved their problems, 2 patients (or 20%), partially improved, and 1 patient (or 10%), had not. Conclusion: Sacroiliac fixation was safe and efficient in the treatment of patients with sacroiliitis associated with L5 lythesis. Currently, one of the most widely used methods for spinopelvic fusion is S2AI screw fixation. Significantly fewer clinical and radiographic problems are linked to the S2AI method . We need further comparison research with larger sample sizes and longer followups to corroborate our findings and pinpoint the risk factors for unfavourable outcomes.

Background: Pituitary macro-adenomas form about 10% of intracranial tumors. Most of them are non-functioning and manifestations are due to space-occupying effects or clinical hypopituitarism. Functioning adenomas result in the conditions of Cushing's disease, galactorrhoea/oligo/amenorrhoea and acromegaly. Nonfunctioning pituitary tumors may also produce hyper-prolactinaemia due to dis-inhibition of the effects of hypothalamic dopamine on lactotroph cells. Aim of the work: Detection of surgical complications of endoscopic endo-nasal trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors and how to avoid and manage them. Material and Methods: This study is conducted upon 40 cases diagnosed to have pituitary tumors, operated upon in the department of Neurosurgery at Al-Azhar University Hospitals, and Shibin Al.Kawm teaching hospital from March 2017 to March 2019. Prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results: Eleven patients suffered complications, as CSF leak, intraoperative bleeding, and herniation of diaphragm sellae. Conclusions: Endoscopic Trans-sphenoidal approach usually is the method of choice for treating pituitary tumors due to lower risk of complications.