Objectives:To prospectively evaluate whether trans-rectal Three-Dimensional eXtended Imaging (3D XI) allows characterization of the prostate gland in cases of isolated benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) so as to elucidate the motive for discrepancy of postvoiding residual urine. Methods: The study was conducted according to the standards of the local ethics committee. Patients gave informed consent. Disclosing the 3D XI display of the prostatic urethra and prostatic gland zones was a preliminary essential. The study included 113 men with a clinical diagnosis of BPH in whom transurethral resection of the prostate was planned. Patients aged from 52 to 75 years (mean 63). Other causes of infravesical obstructive uropathy and prostate neoplastic involvement were excluded. All patients were evaluated by three-dimensional Trans-Rectal Ultrasound using 3D XI methods. Patients were grouped according to the postvoiding residual urine volume into three groups, less and more than 100 mL and urine retention. Results: 3D XI provided excellent resolution and diagnostic authority of prostate gland anatomy and for the appraisal of BPH morphology. The balance and type of nodular eruption proved responsible for the severity of symptoms aspires by extra-axial nodular effect upon the prostate urethra. The 3D XI analysis regarding the nodular stromal to glandular ratio compared to the histopathological results proved effectual in 98.3% of stromal-dominant, 100% in glandular-dominant and 93.3% in mixed type hyperplasia. Conclusions:The severity of symptoms among men with BPH showed an association with the nodular credence, highlighted by 3D XI as a supportive tool in characterizing BPH.

Objectives: High resolution two-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) difficulty in evaluation of some scrotal mass lesions is not frequent. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of three-dimensional ultrasound extended imaging (3D XI) in characterization of those lesions. Methods: The study protocol had the approval of the University's review board all participants' informed consents were obtained. The study included 28 selected patients (12 testicular and 16 para-testicular mass lesions) examined by 2D US and 3D XI applications including computed multi-slice view (MSV) and multi-resolution enhanced images (XI MR). Results were correlated with histopathological findings. Results: Two-dimensional ultrasound did not adequately characterize 28 patients out of 329 (8.5%). 3D XI interrogation was an easy procedure and distinctive of the pathological findings in 27 patients out of 28 (96.4%). The performance of XI MR with respect to characterization provided additional diagnostic information over MSV. Conclusions:The performance of 3D XI with respect to testicular mass characterization proved better than static 2D US. Subsequently, the results of this study suggest that the routine use of 2D US in diagnosis of scrotal mass lesions should preferably be upgraded to 3D XI methods.

The 3D US methods in case of obstructive uropathy have proved to be useful as an easy, mobile and non-invasive diagnostic tool, improving 2D US diagnostic utility.

Aim:The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of transrectal sectional sonography (TRSS) in the diagnosis and treatment of prostatic abscess.Materials and Methods:Eighteen patients with prostatic abscesEs were the material of the present study. The criteria of abscess collection within the prostate gland and the periprostatic tissues were confirmed by TRSS, which guided the aspiration in all patients.Results:Diagnosis and transperineal needle aspiration of prostatic abscesses were successful in all cases. After the second puncture procedure, recurrence noted in 2 (11.1%) out of 18 patients, who were further subjected to transurethral deroofing under TRSS vision. The amount of pus drained ranged between 3.6 and 29.3 mL (mean: 15.1 mLSD ± 1.5), compatible with the estimated volume by virtual organ computer-aided analysis three-dimensional measurements. The most frequently involved organism was Escherichia coli. All patients received intravenous antibiotics (third generation cephalosporin) after the midstream urine analysis and further proper antibiotics, according to the aspirated pus culture and sensitivity.Conclusions:Transrectal sectional sonography could be a more reliable method in the diagnosis of prostatic abscesses. It can provide precise needle-guides into the best drainage location of the abscess cavity and justify transurethral unroofing if persistent recurrence is there.

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