A ovinocaprinocultura possui elevada importância socioeconômica no Nordeste, entretanto, o baixo potencial genético dos rebanhos, associado à escassez de pastos na estação seca, condiciona baixos índices de produtividade e rentabilidade. A formação de pastagem cultivada é uma forma de nivelar a capacidade de suporte durante o ano. O trabalho proposto objetiva aumentar a produtividade, expandir a renda e incentivar o produtor a investir em novas técnicas produtivas. Foram utilizados 100 ovinos mestiços (Santa Inês x SRD) e empregados três períodos de descanso do pasto: tratamento 1 - tempo para formação de 1,5 folha por perfilho em média; tratamento 2 - tempo para formação de 2,5 folhas, e tratamento 3 - tempo para formação de 3,5 folhas. A análise foi feita com base em 1,3 e 5 hectares com utilização de cerca de tela e elétrica. Foram utilizadas como medidas de eficiência: relação benefício custo, valor presente líquido, taxa interna de retorno, e análise de sensibilidade. O tratamento com 2,5 folhas com exploração de no mínimo 5 hectares apresentou o melhor resultado econômico, biológico e ambiental. Para que haja retorno econômico há necessidade de utilização de animais de ótimo potencial genético e de se explorar áreas superiores a 5 hectares.
The breeding of ovine and caprine possess high partner-economic importance in the Northeast, however, the low genetic potential of the herds, as well as the scarcity of pastures during the dry season, limits the productivity and lucrativeness indices to a low level. The use of cultivated pastures is a way to maintain in high level the carrying capacity of the pasture over the year. This work was conducted with the aim of increase the productivity, expand the income and stimulate the producer to invest in new productive techniques. 100 Sem Raça Definida sheep and three periods were used. The rest period consisted of: treatment 1 - time for expansion of 1.5 new leaves per tiller; treatment 2 - time for expansion of 2.5 new leaves per tiller and treatment 3 - time for expansion of 3.5 new leaves per tiller. The analysis considered the use of 1, 3 or 5 hectares of pasture, fenced by campestre screen or electric fence. The efficiency indices adopted were: benefit cost relation, liquid present value, return internal tax, and sensitivity analysis. The 2.5 leaves rest period exploring at least 5.0 hectares presented best performance, in terms economics, biological and environmental. So, to promote economic return, it is necessary to use sheep of higher genetic potential and pastures areas above 5.0 hectares
R e s u m oForam avaliados os efeitos de diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de azoto (N) sobre a produtividade, efi ciência do uso do azoto (EUN) e composição bromatológica do Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x4, com três repetições, sendo dois níveis de irrigação (50% e 80% da evaporação do Tanque Classe "A", ECA) e quatro doses de N (200, 400, 600 e 800 kg/ha/ano). As lâminas de irrigação aplicadas apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes em relação à EUN, produção de matéria seca total (PMST), de folhas (PMSF) e colmos (PMSC), e teores de fi bra em detergente neutro (FDN). A adubação azotada infl uenciou positivamente a PMST, PMSF e PMSC, no entanto, diminuiu a EUN. Os teores de proteína bruta (PB) das folhas e colmos foram infl uenciados pela interação lâminas de irrigação x adubação azotada. Houve efeito linear do N sobre os teores de PB. Os teores de fi bra em detergente ácido (FDA) apresentaram infl uência negativa da maior lâmina de irrigação e foram reduzidos pela adubação azotada. A irrigação de 50% da ECA, associada à aplicação de 800 kg de N/ha/ano, apresentou os melhores resultados, considerando-se a produtividade, composição bromatológica e economia de água.Palavras-chave: fi bra em detergente ácido, fi bra em detergente neutro, proteína bruta, tanque classe "A". A b s t r a c tThe eff ects of diff erent irrigation levels and doses of nitrogen (N) on yield, nitrogen use effi ciency (NUE) and chemical composition of Mombasa grass (Panicum maximum) were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2x4 factorial, with three replicates, two water levels (50% and 80% of Class A pan evaporation, ECA) and four levels of N (200, 400, 600 and 800 kg / ha / year). The water depth applied showed similar behaviors regarding NUE, total dry matt er yield (TDMY), leaves (DMYL) and stems (DMYS), and levels of neutral detergent fi ber (NDF). The nitrogen fertilization infl uenced positively TDMY, DMYL and DMYS, however, decreased NUE. Crude protein (CP) of the leaves and stems were infl uenced by the interaction of blades irrigation x nitrogen fertilization. There was a linear eff ect of N on the PB. The levels of acid detergent fi ber (ADF) had negative infl uence of greater water depth. Concentrations of ADF were reduced by nitrogen fertilization. Irrigation of 50% of ECA, associated with application of 800 kg N / ha / year, showed the best results, considering productivity, chemical composition and water savings.Keywords: acid detergent fi ber, class A pan, crude protein, neutral detergent fi ber.
Avaliou-se a viabilidade econômica da terminação de ovinos em pastagem de capim-tanzânia sob lotação rotativa com quatro níveis de suplementação concentrada (0; 0,6; 1,2 e 1,8% PV), dois sistemas de separação do rebanho (cerca elétrica e cerca de tela) e três tamanhos de áreas (1,0; 3,0 e 5,0 ha). A análise foi feita com vistas a determinar as condições mínimas necessárias para tornar o empreendimento viável. Foram avaliadas a receita líquida, a relação benefício/custo, o valor presente líquido e a taxa interna de retorno, adotando uma taxa de juros de 8,75% ao ano. Foram estimados o custo total de implantação e manutenção para cada sistema, sendo orçados de acordo com os preços no mercado de Fortaleza/CE. Para o cálculo da receita total, foram considerados preços de venda entre R$ 2,60 e 3,20/kg PV. A exploração de 1,0 ha se mostrou economicamente inviável para os dois tipos de sistemas testados. Para ambos os sistemas, observou-se que aqueles que utilizaram cerca de tela apresentaram maior custo em relação à cerca elétrica. Para os sistemas que utilizaram suplementação, os dados mostraram que só é viável suplementar os animais quando o preço pago pelo produto for superior a R$ 3,00/kg PV, em alguns casos com áreas superiores a 5 ha. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: análise de rentabilidade; Panicum maximum; sistema de produção; suplementação concentrada; taxa interna de retorno.
Tools that generate models with good biomass predictive capacity are essential to maintain the sustainability of production systems. The objective was to analyze the relationship between forage biomass and structural variables and generate models to predict total forage biomass (TFB) and green leaf blade biomass (GLB). Irrigated pastures of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf 'Basilisk' were kept under rotational stocking with sheep (Ovis aries L.) The TFB, GLB, leaf area index (LAI), height (cm), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates: ten and five cycles of defoliation management, respectively, were used to generate and validate the stages of the models. The best goodness of fit was obtained by nonlinear models for both TFB and GLB, which can be confirmed by high Spearman's correlations and significance (P < 0.0001). The path analysis showed low collinearity (42.60) between NDVI, LAI, and height; the high determination coefficient (R²) with values of 0.8421 and 0.7767 demonstrated their associations with TFB and GLB, respectively. Among the studied models to predict TFB and GLB, only exponentials using NDVI and power using LAI and height showed the best fit. In the validation stage, the models related to height exhibited the highest performance with 0.9531 (TFB) and 0.9638 (GLB) d-index, -2.3 (TFB) and -7.20 (GLB) bias, and 0.8532 (TFB) and 0.8932 (GLB) R². Only nonlinear models using height (cm) to predict TFB and GLB had the best practical application potential, thus ensuring efficiency in data collection.
The sustainability of animal production on pasture is based on improving the management of forage species used, which ensures increase in animal productivity, pasture perenniality and cost reduction. The objective was to characterize productive, structural, physiological and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) responses of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf 'Basilisk' over the flexibilization of the grazing management adopted. Four defoliation combinations were evaluated, which consisted of the arrangement of two (85% and 95%) light interceptions (LI) and two (1.3 and 1.8) residual leaf area indexes (RLAI), as parameters of entry and exit of the animals from the pasture, respectively. Higher total forage biomass was observed (TFB, kg DM ha -1 ) 18.82%, when the canopy was managed at the lowest defoliation frequencies (95% LI), but with a higher morphological composition of the stem component and dead material. The 95% LI produced an extra layer of leaves than the canopy managed at 85% LI. The physiological variables were affected by the higher frequency of defoliation (85% LI), with lower photosynthetic rates. NDVI was higher in the canopy managed in the pre-grazing condition at 95% LI (0.88) and residual condition at 1.8 RLAI (0.49), when compared to 85% LI (0.86) and 1.3 RLAI (0.44). For greater production per animal, managing at 85% LI × 1.8 RLAI with pre-grazing and residual NDVI of 0.85 and 0.49, respectively, is the most suitable while for greater animal production per area, managing at 95% LI × 1.3 RLAI with pre-grazing and residual NDVI of 0.88 and 0.44, respectively, becomes more efficient.
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