<span class="s22">In this paper, we proposed a hexagonal shaped </span><span class="s22">microstrip</span><span class="s22"> ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna integrated with dual band applications. The antenna design consists of a hexagonal shape patch with two folded Capacitive Loaded Line Resonators (CLLRs) on the left edge of the patch antenna. This hexagonal structure is used to implement UWB applications (3.1-10.6 GHz). A rectangular ground</span><span class="s22">,</span><span class="s22"> and two CLLR are also used on t</span><span class="s22">he bottom of antenna to obtain</span><span class="s22"> the extra dual resonant frequency at 2.4 GHz and 9.1 GHz for </span><span class="s22">B</span><span class="s22">luetooth and radar applications respectively. The proposed design is implemented using FR4 epoxy substrate. The relative permittivity of the substrate is 4</span><span class="s22">.4. The overall size of designing</span><span class="s22"> antenna is 26 × 30 mm2 with 1.6 mm as thickness and fed by standard feed line of 50 Ω </span><span class="s22">microstrip</span><span class="s22">. The results obtained from the simulation indicate that the designed antenna attains a good bandwidth from 1.1 GHz – 10.69 GHz with VSWR &lt; 2 and return loss &lt; -10 </span><span class="s22">dB.</span><span class="s22"> The proposed geometry is s</span><span class="s22">imulated  by using the </span><span class="s22">Ansoft</span><span class="s22"> HFSS </span><span class="s22">simulator working on the principle of FEM and results are also analyzed.</span>

A wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a significant application, especially in the monitored remoting environmental, which enables by the availability of sensors which are cheaper, smaller, and intelligent. The equipment of such sensors be with wireless interfaces, which a communication with other sensors occurs for creating a network, that contains many distributed nodes. The closest nodes to the sink are exploited at an enormous traffic load while the data from the whole regions are forwarded between them to reach the sink. This result in exhausting their energy quickly and partitioning the network. This is solved by changing the sink node position in Grid based clustering technique, which considers the optimal method for this purpose. A simulation with MATLAB can be applied for grid based clustering technique to evaluate the performance of WSN. The expected results deal with outperforms in throughput, reducing energy consumption and increasing residual energy, in addition to prolong the network lifetime of the sensor network

The greatest advantages of optical fibers are the possibility of extending data rate transmission and propagation distances. Being a multi-carrier technique, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can be applicable in hybrid optical-wireless systems design owing to its best spectral efficiency for the interferences of radio frequency (RF) and minor multi-path distortion. An optical OFDM-RoF-based wireless local area network (W-LAN) system has been studied and evaluated in this work. The outline for integrating an optical technology and wireless in a single system was provided with the existence of OFDM-RoF technology and the microstrip patch antenna; these were applied in the Optisystem communication tool. The design of the proposed OFDM-RoF system is aimed at supporting mm-wave services and multi-standard operations. The proposed system can operate on different RF bands using different modulation schemes like 4,16 and 64QAM, that may be associated to OFDM and multidata rates up to 5 Gbps. The results demonstrate the robustness of the integrated optical wireless link in propagating OFDM-RoF-based WLAN signals across optical fibers.

<span>In this paper, a new type of Radio Frequency Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (RF-MEMS) shunt capacitive switch is designed and studied. RF MEMS switch has a number of advantages in a modern telecommunication system such as low power consumption, easy to fabricate and power handling capacity at radio frequency. At high frequency applications, this switch shows very superior performance due to which it now became one of the key elements for RF application. In this proposed design, an innovative type of MEMS switch is designed. The MEMS switch structure consists of substrate, co-planar waveguide (CPW), dielectric material and a metallic bridge. The proposed MEMS switch has a dimension of 508 µm × 620 µm with a height of 500 µm. The substrate used is GaAs material. The relative permittivity of the substrate is 12.9. This proposed MEMS switch is designed and simulated in both UP (ON) state and DOWN (OFF) state. The proposed RF-MEMS switch is designed and simulated using Ansoft High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) electromagnetic simulator. The simulated result shows better performance parameters such as return loss ( &lt;-10 dB)  and insertion loss ( &gt; -0.5 dB) in UP state, whereas return loss ( &gt; -0.5 dB) and isolation (&lt;-10 dB) in DOWN state. This switch has good isolation characteristics of – 43 dB at 27 GHz frequency.</span>

For wireless broadband communication long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for also mobile devices and data terminals, by using different radio interface together with core network improvements LTE increases the capacity and speed of mobile network. In this paper radio frequency receiver of radio-frequency long-term evolution (RF-LTE) is design and simulated using MATLAB Simulink, where the design based on illustrating parameters of each stage in LTE RF receiver from generating LTE waveform to error vector magnitude (EVM) measurements, where simulation results with 8 MHz bandwidth the transmitted signal power -3200 dBm, the received signal power (-140 to -160) dBm, while the demodulated signal reaches to -60 dBm difference between main loop and side loop witch lead to high confident recovered signal, also complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) measurements applied on output signals so that computes the power of complementary for cumulative distribution CCDF function from signal in time domain. Where CCDF curve shows value of time that a signal stand still above the level of average power for the measured signal or the probability of signal power will be above the level of average power.