Background: There are few evidence-based non-pharmacological interventions adapted for people with dementia (PwD) in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Thus, there is value in culturally adapting existing interventions from other settings. One such intervention for PwD involves hearing rehabilitation, which may improve dementia-related outcomes.Objective: To culturally adapt and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a multi-faceted hearing support intervention to enhance quality of life in PwD for a LMIC setting, Pakistan.Design: This was a study in three phases: (1) training and capacity building to deliver the study, including Patient and Public Involvement (PPI); (2) cultural adaptation of the intervention; and (3) delivery of a single-group feasibility study with a pre-test post-test design.Setting: Home-based intervention, in two cities of Pakistan.Participants: Adults aged ≥ 60 with mild-moderate dementia and uncorrected or partially corrected hearing impairment, and their study partners (n = 14).Intervention: An adapted hearing support intervention (HSI) comprising a full assessment of hearing function, fitting of hearing aids, and home-based support from a “hearing support practitioner.”Outcomes: Ratings of the feasibility of the study procedures, and acceptability/tolerability of the adapted intervention were ascertained through questionnaires, participant diaries, therapist logbooks and semi-structured interviews. A signal of effectiveness of the intervention was also explored using a battery of dementia-related outcome measures.Results: Following cultural adaptation and capacity building for study conduct and delivery, we successfully implemented all intervention components in most participants, which were well-received and enacted by participant dyads. Acceptability (i.e., understanding, motivation, sense of achievement) and tolerability (i.e., effort, fatigue) ratings and safety of the intervention were within a priori target ranges. Recruitment and retention targets required improvement, due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, as well as the lack of a clear clinical diagnostic pathway for dementia in both sites. Areas for future modification were clearly identified, including: the assessment/delivery logistics circuit; procedures for arranging visits; communication among referring clinicians and the study team.Conclusion: This is the first study in a LMIC of sensory enhancement to improve dementia outcomes. Positive feasibility, acceptability and tolerability findings suggest that a full-scale effectiveness trial, with certain modifications is warranted.

Objective: Many researches defined the critical predictors and significant risk factors associated with various substance use behaviors, revealing the personality traits as important determinants. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the personality constructs of individuals with a history of substance use disorder in Pakistan. Method: The Qualitative Study was conducted through purposive sampling by selecting the professionals (psychiatrists=9, clinical psychologists=4, patients with SUD = 5) with having a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 29 years of experience working with substance use disorder patients and participants with the history of at least three years of diagnosis. A total of 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine (N=13) mental health professionals and five (N=05) patients with substance use disorder. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed by independent researchers. The transcripts were analyzed using a systematic approach that incorporates inductive thematic analysis. Results: The themes that emerged after analyses were combined under the main three headings: Social, Cultural and Psychological/individual factors. The main results indicated that authoritative parenting style, family lifestyles, pleasure-seeking, enhanced energy, dependent personality traits, emotional instability and conflicting interpersonal relationship lead to substance use which can be addressed through early intervention.

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic which has affected millions of people worldwide. It has become a global issue for the people of the world. The current study aimed to find whether there is any relationship between spirituality, Occupational stress and work family conflict among COVID-19 rescue responders or not. A sample of 180 COVID-19 rescue responders was selected through purposive sampling by selecting 5 rescue responders from each district of Punjab Province. Co relational research design used for this study and Data was collected by administering Health Safety Executive Standard Indicator Tool for occupational stress, Work Family Conflict Self Efficacy scale for work family conflict and Multidimensional Measure for Islamic Spirituality to rescue responders. Data was analyzed though SPSS by using statistical processes of regression, correlation and moderation along with calculating Percentage and frequencies of responses. Results of the study showed that spirituality moderates the relationship between occupational stress and work family conflict among COVID-19 rescue responders. It also showed that there was no significant effect of demographic variables on occupational stress, work family conflict and spirituality. This study is the first study on COVID-19 rescue responders. More research work may be done by other researchers to fully explore different aspects of spirituality, occupational stress and work family conflict among Rescue responders and emergency responders. Keywords: Spirituality, Occupational stress, Work Family Conflict, COVID-19, Rescue Responders.

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between perceived psychological stresses, burn out (exhaustion, disengagement) among police constables (16-55 years). Sample of the police constables was taken from 5 different cities (Sheikhupura, Lahore, Narowal, Kasur and Farooqabad) of police departments. Perceived Psychological stress developed by Sheldon. Olden Burg Inventory developed by Baller and Demographic questionnaire was used for the assessment in police constables. The results indicated that there is a significant correlation between income, burn out and psychological distress. The major contribution of the results is that although the police constables performed the same duty and having the same responsibilities but the level of burn out, perceived psychological stress differs in five cities according to their occupational stress and demand of their jobs. As in the Lahore city there are more security needed and having political addresses from other cities.

The present study aims to explore the relationship between perceived psychological stress and acting out tendencies, and their effect on moral judgment among police constables in Punjab, Pakistan. The correlational study was conducted in five cities of Punjab, Pakistan. Participants were recruited from Lahore, Narowal, Sheikhupura, Kasur, and Farooq Abad. The police constables, who completed the study inclusion criteria, were approached after taking their written and verbal consent. The perceived psychological stress (Cohen et al. 1983), 1983) translated in Urdu by Kausar & Tahir (2013) was used to assess the stress level of an individual. The aggression test (Fulton et al., 1998) was used to assess the acting out tendencies among police constables of Punjab, Pakistan. The Moral Judgment Test (Georg Lind, 1999) translated in Urdu by Liaqat (2011) was used to assess moral reasoning while presenting different scenarios. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). It revealed that all police constables have psychological stress in Punjab, Pakistan but significant relationship exists between age and moral judgment in police constables. The current study sheds light on the psychological stress that police constables face due to their job demands and different challenging situations.