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Background: Safety culture is the basis and dominant part of patient's safety, and is considered as the main axis of safety promotion programs and service quality. The purpose of this study was to explain the challenges of safety culture in Iranian educational centers with a qualitative approach. Methods: This study was a contractual qualitative content analysis which conducted in 1400. The study population consisted of people who had 5 years of experience in taking care patient or working in the patient's safety and quality control unit in teaching and medical centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Study data were saturated by purposeful snowball sampling and in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 25 participants. “Granheim and Landman approaches” and “Goba and Lincoln criteria” were used to analyze the data and solidify the research. The process of coding and analyzing research data was performed simultaneously; Finally, the extracted categories and subcategories were confirmed by the interviewees. MaxQDA 10 was used to analyze data. Results: By analyzing the interviews, 331 codes, 7 categories and 20 subcategories were extracted. Lack of reporting errors, poor culture regarding no-blame, staffing issues, low understanding of patient safety, poor management support for patient safety, poor teamwork between units, and lack of open organizational communication were the main categories found and the most important challenges of safety culture in teaching and medical hospitals. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, developing codified and continuous educational programs, strengthening teamwork and communication, adopting a comprehensive approach to increase the presence of all members of the treatment team in the process of reporting, and analyzing and implementing error prevention programs are among the requirements for improving and promoting the safety culture and quality of service to patients.

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INTRODUCTION: Volunteers are valuable human resources for service-providing organizations. Health system requires their participation and cooperation in all sectors to achieve more success. The present study was conducted to recognize factors influencing the use of volunteer clinical forces (VCFs) in Tehran hospitals from 2018 to 2020. METHODS: This is a qualitative study, based on grounded theory approach, and was done through semi-structured interviews. The studied population included the experts, managers of hospitals, and high-ranking managers in the Ministry of Health, Iranian Red Crescent Organization, and health nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Nineteen persons were selected by purposeful sampling method and interviewed. The achieved data were analyzed by content analysis method. RESULTS: The results showed that using VCFs in Tehran's hospitals was affected by eight following factors: organizational, legal, policy-making, economic, social, security, personal, and cultural dimensions. These findings illustrated the necessity of making changes in the structures, the rules, and the culture of health system to fit the bases with new approaches. CONCLUSION: VCFs amplify the quality and structure of service providing for patients in hospitals. The focus of policymakers and high-ranking managers in health system is on accelerating their use permanently and legally. Developing health-centered NGOs facilitates the access to VCF, lessens nonclinical loads of hospitals, and improves the organization of human forces. The experiences and knowledge of VCFs cause to develop hospitals' resilience, develop social participation, and improve social capitals in medical field.

BACKGROUND: Emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity are known as important nursing skills. They have significant role in the promotion of nurses working life and the health care which they provide. The goal of this study was the determination of the relationship between emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity with quality of work life in nurses working in governmental hospitals of Tehran city in 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This investigation was a descriptive-analytical and correlation study which was conducted among 256 nurses working in five governmental hospitals in Tehran. The studied nurses were selected through in access sampling method. The instruments of research included demographic, emotional intelligence, interpersonal sensitivity, and work life quality questionnaires. The analysis of data was done by descriptive and deductive statistics (t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient) and also SPSS. RESULTS: The conditions of emotional intelligence, interpersonal sensitivity, and work life quality of nurses were, in turn, in average, severe, and weak levels. The correlation between emotional intelligence and work life quality of nurses was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and they were positively correlated with each other (r = 0.311). The relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and work life quality of nurses was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and they were negatively correlated with each other (r = −0.43). CONCLUSION: The development of emotional intelligence and sensitivity in reciprocally interpersonal relations of nurses lead to fundamental changes in nurses’ attitude toward themselves, their colleagues, patients and their profession and can promote their work life quality. Therefore, these two skills are necessary for nurses and they should be taken into consideration by nursing schools, faculty members, instructors, and nursing managers.