Introduction: Leukemias are involving the bone marrow and the soft tissues in the inner parts of the bones. This malignancy is the most common pediatric cancer, and its etiologic causes are not well understood. This multifactorial disease is believed to be linked to genetic and non-hereditary environmental factors. Cytogenic analyses of chromosomal abnormalities provide diagnostic and prognostic values in leukemia patients. Given the high prevalence of viral diseases and clinical suspicions of the relationship between certain viral infections and leukemia, it is necessary to investigate this possible relationship, especially in third-world countries. The present study recruited 65 children with leukemia (AML, CML, or ALL) who were presented to two tertiary hospitals. At first, all the patients underwent testing for HBV, HCV, CMV, EBV, and HIV. Bone marrow specimens were studied for identifying possible chromosomal abnormalities in cytogenic investigations. According to our findings, there was a relationship between the incidence of leukemia, the 12:21 chromosomal translocation, and CMV infection. Therefore, preventing CMV infection can lead to a reduced incidence of leukemia. It is expected that the findings of this study enlighten scientists to conduct more extensive research on the relationship between viral diseases and leukemia in third-world countries. Materials and Methods: The present study recruited 65 children with leukemia (AML, CML, or ALL) who were presented to two tertiary hospitals. At first, all the patients underwent testing for HBV, HCV, CMV, EBV, and HIV. Bone marrow specimens were studied for identifying possible chromosomal abnormalities in cytogenic investigations. Results: According to our findings, there was a relationship between the incidence of leukemia, the 12:21 chromosomal translocation, and CMV infection. Thus, CMV infection is highly suspected to cause a chromosomal abnormality and predispose children to leukemia . Therefore, preventing CMV infection can lead to a reduced incidence of leukemia. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is relevant to the 12:21 chromosomal translocation and CMV virus infections, So the reduction in leukemia prevalence is dependent on the prevention of CMV disease. It is expected that the findings of this study enlighten scientists to conduct more extensive research on the relationship between viral diseases and leukemia in third-world countries.

Introduction: Blood loss management in craniotomy is essential for a patient's haemodynamic stability and a significantly better view of the surgical site. The study aimed to address the comparative efficacy of labetalol (LAB), remifentanil (REM) and dexmedetomidine (DXM) on the bleeding control during the craniotomy procedure. Materials and Methods: In a double-blind trial, ninety patients eligible for undergoing craniotomy were recruited and assigned to DXM, LAB and REM groups by the block-randomised method. The vital signs, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation (SaO2) after induction and during the hypotension phase every 15 min until the end of surgery and at recovery and certain time points (2, 4 and 6 h post-operative), were recorded. The amount of bleeding, surgeon satisfaction and dose of propofol used, side effects and haemoglobin level before and 12 h after surgery were registered. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software by one-way analysis of variance, repeated measurement test and Chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: No significant difference was found in vital signs, including SaO2, blood pressure, HR, duration of surgery, extubation time and the amount of propofol consumed, side effects and haemoglobin level (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the DXM group showed a prolonged recovery time (P = 0.018), less bleeding (P = 0.001) and the highest surgeon satisfaction (P = 0.001) when compared with other groups. Conclusion: Our results showed that DXM helps increase surgeon satisfaction and reduce bleeding while increasing the recovery time. Overall, it does, however, have improved performance without any side effects, based on which DXM can hence be recommended to be used to control bleeding during craniotomy.

Introduction: Leukemias are involving the bone marrow and the soft tissues in inner parts of the bones, where new blood cells are formed. This malignancy is the most common pediatric cancer, which its etiologic causes are not well understood. This multifactorial disease is believed to linked with genetic and non-hereditary environmental factors. Cytogenic analyses of chromosomal abnormalities provide diagnostic and prognostic values in leukemia patients. Given the high prevalence of viral diseases and clinical suspicions on the relationship between certain viral infections and leukemia, it is necessary to investigate this possible relationship, especially in third-world countries. The present study recruited 65 children with leukemia (AML, CML, or ALL) who were presented to two tertiary hospitals. At first, all the patients underwent testing for HBV, HCV, CMV, EBV, and HIV. Bone marrow specimens were studied for identifying possible chromosomal abnormalities in cytogenic investigations. According to our findings, there was a relationship between incidence of leukemia, the 12:21 chromosomal translocation and CMV infection. Therefore, preventing CMV infection can lead to a reduced incidence of leukemia. It is expected that the findings of this study enlighten the scientists to conduct more extensive research on the relationship between viral diseases and leukemia in third-world countries.Method:The present study recruited 65 children with leukemia (AML, CML, or ALL) who were presented to two tertiary hospitals. At first, all the patients underwent testing forHBV, HCV, CMV, EBV, and HIV. Bone marrow specimens were studied for identifying possible chromosomal abnormalities in cytogenic investigations.Result:According to our findings,there was a relationship between the incidence of leukemia,the 12:21 chromosomal translocation, and CMV infection.Therefore, preventing CMV infection can lead to a reducedincidence of leukemia.Conclusion:In this study, we demonstrated that leukemia is relevant to the 12:21 chromosomal translocation and CMV virus infections, So the reduction in leukemia prevalence is dependent on the prevention of CMV disease. It is expected that the findings ofthis studyenlighten the scientists to conduct more extensive researchon the relationship between viral diseasesand leukemia in third-world countries.Trial registrations:Clinical trial registration code:IR.AJAUMS.REC.1399.161Evaluated by: AJA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCESApproval Date:2020-11-15Approval statement: The project was found to be in accordance with the ethical principles and the national norms and standards for conducting Medical Research in Iran.