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Copper-64 (t 1/2 = 12.7 h) is a promising cancer treatment radiotherapy agent and combines positron emission tomography (PET). It was produced utilizing the 64 Ni(p,n) 64 Cu nuclear reaction channel. Natural nickel was electroplated successfully, 48 µm thick, onto a gold-coated copper backing slab. Bombardment of nickel plated target was performed with 16 MeV protons at a current of 200 µA. Copper-64 together with copper-61 was separated from Ni and other non-isotopic impurities by ion exchange chromatography. The method of separation of radiocopper has been improved.

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Ultrasmall GNP-PEG-cRGD can be considered as a radiosensitizer. For radiotherapy applications, the delivery method should be developed to increase the GNP uptake in the tumor and decrease the uptakes in undesirable organs.

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the modern world. Treatment modalities comprise radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Radiation therapy can be performed by using external or internal radiation therapy. However, each method has its unique properties which undertakes special role in cancer treatment, this question is brought up that: For cancer treatment, whether external radiation therapy is more efficient or internal radiation therapy one? To answer this question, we need to consider principles and structure of individual methods. In this review, principles and application of each method are considered and finally these two methods are compared with each other.