Our study clearly demonstrated that in type 1 and type 2 DM, there was increase in fasting blood sugar with decrease in serum amylase and serum lipase which signifies the derangement of endocrine-exocrine axis of the pancreas. Serum amylase and serum lipase can be used as biochemical markers for assessment of pancreatic exocrine function.

Assessment of human sex from skeletal parts is important in anthropology, archaeology, paleoanthropology, comparative anatomy and forensic medicine where it provides accurate information to medico-legal information. Hence this study was taken to determine the sex from femur. Determination of sex from skeletal remains is an important component in the identification but sometimes becomes difficult to the forensic expert especially when the pelvis is absent. The sex identification by the fingerprint systems and DNA tests are the best methods. Sex determination carried out from the male and female femur bones is accurate in ninety percent of cases than in cases of adult pelvis or skull. Various studies demonstrated the metric assessment of sex to differentiate in races and regions in the populations. Aim: This study was conducted for metric standards of sex determination by femur measurements. Materials and Methods: Osteometric data were obtained from the 100 adults femurs (50 males and 50 females). Results: Values of female femur are slightly higher than males. Conclusion: We have used either univariate or multivariate analysis for sexual dimorphism of femur, this is a statistical technique which has proven to have a high utility in studies of sex determination [1]. With the help of seven standard parameters using the maximum length, maximum diameter of head, midshaft circumference, maximum antero-posterior diameter of medial and lateral epicondyle and bicondylar width showed significant differences in male and female femur with accuracy of 90.2%. This result clearly indicated the importance of these variables in identification of sex from femur [2].

Objectives: To find correlation between serum Mg, serum Ca, and cardiac arrhythmia. Materials and Methods: The present case–control analytical study includes records of 100 participants; 50 patients (both male and female average age: 47 ± 12 years, mean ± SD) admitted during the period of March 2019–March 2020 into the Coronary Care Unit of LG Hospital, AMCMET Medical College who were clinically diagnosed as arrhythmia and 50 subjects for control group from OPD patients coming to the same institution for health check-up. Mg was estimated with xylitol blue colorimetric end-point method and Ca was estimated by NM-BAPTA Method by Roche Cobas c311 instrument. Results: In 50 cases, mean Mg value was 1.454 mg/dl and SD 0.2566 while in control group, mean value was 2.2 mg/dl and SD is 0.3110 with 95% confidence interval of 1.381–1.527 and 2.199–2.375 for cases and controls group, respectively, which was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). In 50 cases, mean Ca value was 8.6426 mg/dl and SD 1.3 mg/dl while in control group, mean value was 9.5 mg/dl and SD 0.47 with 95% confidence interval of 8.268–9.018 and 9.377–9.643 for cases and controls, respectively, which was statistically significant (p < 0.0028) and shows correlation between serum Ca and serum Mg which are low in cardiac arrhythmias. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of Ca: Mg (3.36) ratio showed optimum cutoff in diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia. Conclusion: We concluded that serum Mg and Ca along with Ca/Mg ratio should be considered as an important parameter for investigation of cardiac disorders, especially for patients of cardiac arrhythmia.

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