Two indices, Simple Resultant Index (R,) and Weighted Resultant Index ( R J , are proposed for enabling the analysis of stomach contents of fishes. The indices are based on percentage occurrence and percentage volume, as in the case of the Index of Preponderance. Possible graphical representation of the indices helps towards understanding the relative representation of the two contributing parameters. The weighted index is, in particular, a means of comparison, grading food items in the order of importance.

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Fungal endophytes are highly diverse in their functions and impart functional advantage to the host plants. Application of fungal endophytes is gaining relevance in field of agriculture as an ecofriendly approach and means of reducing pesticide application in crop plants. Rice production is known to be affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses and application of microbes could be one of the means of reducing the stresses. Fungal endophytes are isolated and studied from various parts of rice plants and they are reported to be involved in improving the growth and reducing various stresses during plant growth. This review discusses about relevance and potential of fungal endophytes in rice on mitigating various stresses like drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals and biotic elements such as diseases and pests.