BACKGROUND Interlocking intramedullary nailing is suitable for comminuted femoral isthmus fractures, but for non-comminuted fractures its benefit over unlocked nailing is debatable. This study was undertaken to compare outcomes of interlocking nailing versus k-nail in such fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 cases of noncomminuted femoral isthmus fractures treated with interlocking nailing and K-nail from April 1, 2015, to December 1, 2016, were reviewed. Radiological and clinical union rates, bony alignment, complication and knee function were investigated. RESULTS There was no statistical significant difference with regard to union rate, implant failure, infection and fracture alignment in both study groups. Open fixation with K-nail is technically less demanding and requires less operating time; additionally, there is no exposure to radiation and cost of the implant is cheaper. CONCLUSION We therefore conclude that unlocked nailing is still useful for the management of noncomminuted isthmus fractures of the femur.

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BACKGROUNDThe ankle joint is one of the most frequently injured joint. A sprained ankle results due to tear of anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments when the foot is twisted in lateral direction. In forcible eversion of the foot, the deltoid ligament may be torn. At times, the deltoid ligament pulls the medial malleolus thereby causing avulsion fracture of the malleolus. The strong eversion pull on the deltoid ligament causes transverse fracture of medial malleolus. If the tibia is carried anteriorly, the posterior margin of the distal end of the tibia is also broken by the talus producing a trimalleolar fracture.The talocrural joint is a major weight bearing joint of the body. The weight of the body is transmitted from the tibia and fibula to the talus which distributes the weight anteriorly and posteriorly within the foot. One sixth of the static load of the leg is carried by the fibula at the tibiofibular joint. These require a high degree of stability which is determined by the passive and dynamic factors. A sprained ankle results due to tear of anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments when the foot is twisted in lateral direction. In forcible eversion of the foot, the deltoid ligament may be torn. At times, the deltoid ligament pulls the medial malleolus thereby causing avulsion fracture of the malleolus. The strong eversion pull on the deltoid ligament causes transverse fracture of medial malleolus. If the tibia is carried anteriorly, the posterior margin of the distal end of the tibia is also broken by the talus producing a trimalleolar fracture.Conventionally, X-ray techniques have been used to diagnose ligament injuries. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has opened new horizons in the diagnosis and treatment of many musculoskeletal diseases of the ankle and foot. It demonstrates abnormalities in the bones and soft tissues before they become evident at other imaging modalities.The anatomy of the deltoid ligament is very poorly understood. The ligament in case of tear or injury has to be repaired which is impossible to do so if a proper morphometric knowledge is not known. So a sincere effort has been put in the study to find the morphometry of the deltoid ligament. METHODS One hundred specimens were dissected. In this, fifty belonged to the right and fifty belonged to the left side. The study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Nalanda Medical College, Patna. The study was done from June 2015 to April 2016. The morphometry was seen and the comparisons were done. The dissection was done to expose the deltoid ligament. The anterior, middle and posterior length was taken. Then, the superior, middle and inferior width was taken. Then, the thickness was measured.  Then, the presence or absence of the deep part was noted. RESULTSIrrespective of the side and sex to which the ligaments belong, the mean value of the length of the deltoid ligaments in the anterior, middle and posterior parts are 24.40 mm, 21.53 mm and 17.20 mm. The widths in the superior, middle and inferior parts are ...

BACKGROUND Fractures of shaft humerus are among the most common fractures. The modes of treatment are also changing with the advancement in the field of orthopaedics. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of the results of open reduction and internal fixation with DCP and close interlocking nail in fracture shaft of humerus. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a prospective study consisted of 60 cases of fracture shaft humerus divided in two groups of 30 each to which closed interlocking nail and open dynamic compression plate was done. Study was conducted in Department of Orthopaedics, Nalanda Medical College Hospital, Patna. Results were evaluated with Neer's criteria. The results were analysed on the parameters of sex, age, mode of trauma, functional outcome and complications, etc.