No abstract

Water is the most simple structure block of human life or Fresh water is essential for human health. The use of pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture has grown dramatically over the past many year to contaminated water. Environmental exposure of humans to pesticide is common effects in acute and chronic health effects, including acute and chronic neurotoxicity (insecticides, fungicides, fumigants), lung damage (paraquat), chemical burns (anhydrous ammonia), and infant methemoglobinemia (nitrate in groundwater). A variety of cancers also have been linked to exposure to various pesticides, particularly hematopoietic cancers. Immunologic abnormalities and adverse reproductive and developmental effects due to pesticides also have been reported. The health effects associated with pesticides do not appear to be restricted to only a few chemical classes. Therefore, enhanced efforts are needed to control or eliminate human exposures wherever possible. Research also is needed to better characterize and quantitate the adverse effects of agrichemicals on human health.

The intensified agricultural crop production for growing high yield varieties requires the indiscriminate use of pesticides and fertilizers, which protect the crop from pests, thus helps in improving the quality and quantity of crops. The aquatic environment gets contaminated by the application of pesticides through several routes: runoff, spray drift, and leaching, which pose serious health risks to the aquatic ecosystem as well as to human beings. This exposure can directly affect all levels of biological organization, including primary producers, microorganisms, invertebrates, or fish. Thus, monitoring methods should be adopted for controlling the runoff events in the spraying method, such as suspended matter sampler for particle-associated pesticides that can be used for controlling the number of toxic substances in water bodies.

Heavy metal is present in the various state on industrial waste water, natural water as a part of a natural water heavy metal are present in the ground water. The water is drinking of highly polluted and chronic effect on people are genetic disorders, nerutoxicological disorder and carcinogenicity. Toxic heavy metals are regularly discharge to the aquatic environment in India as a prompt development of Industry. The major issue to the time ground water are contaminated through heavy metal. Water is the dynamic source, essential for all aspects of human and ecosystem for existence and health. The levels of heavy metals contaminations in water like, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Ni etc. in several water resources as groundwater, surface water, tap water etc. The review study provides heavy metal concentration in groundwater and to give recommendations to prevent the health risks against intake.

The consequences of heavy metal contamination are progressively degrading soil quality in this modern period of industry. Due to this reason, improvement of the soil quality is necessary. Remediation is a method of removing pollutants from the root zone of plants in order to minimize stress and increase yield of plants grown in it. The use of plants to remove toxins from the soil, such as heavy metals, trace elements, organic chemicals, and radioactive substances, is referred to as bioremediation. Biochar and fly ash techniques are also studied for effectiveness in improving the quality of contaminated soil. This review compiles amelioration technologies and how they are used in the field. It also explains how nanoparticles are becoming a popular method of desalination, as well as how they can be employed in heavy metal phytoremediation.