Ten patients with chronic non-allergic rhinitis and presenting mainly with nasal obstruction due to hypertrophied inferior turbinates were subjected to laser turbinectomy using CO2. Tiny biopsies were taken, at the time of surgery as well as one monthlater, and were processed for transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructural observations included: early epithelial loss which wasfollowed by prompt regeneration of healthy epithelium, decreased number and activity of the seromucinous glands, fibrosis of the connective tissue stroma, as well as diminished number and congestion of the cavernous blood spaces. These observations were discussed in view of the excellent clinical response of the patients.

The incorporation of both food and forage crops in an intercropping system is receiving increasing attention, especially in developing countries with increasing populations and limited resources. In a two-year (2019–2020) field trial, conducted in Northern Egypt, productivity of soybean and fodder maize, as well as the quality of maize herbage, were investigated under three sowing schedules; soybean and maize sown together, and maize sown 15 and 30 days after soybean, in addition to soybean and fodder maize sown in pure stands, with maize harvested at green fodder maturity (GFM), and silage maturity (SM). Harvesting fodder maize at SM resulted in higher herbage yield than harvesting it at GFM, yet it negatively affected the soybean productivity. However, this negative impact was offset when fodder maize sowing was delayed 30 days after soybean sowing. Maize harvested at GFM was characterized by a higher leaf component, which was reflected in its higher crude protein content, yet the decline in quality with advanced maturity was to a great extent, counterbalanced by the presence of high-quality ears in maize harvested at SM. This was clear in its lower fiber and higher non-fiber carbohydrate contents. Land equivalent ratio (LER) demonstrated yield advantage with the delayed sowing of fodder maize (LER > 1), while the dry matter equivalent ratio (DMER) associated the yield advantage with the late harvesting of fodder maize at SM (DMER > 1), across all sowing schedules, which was more realistic for an additive intercropping model where the dry matter is the economic component. In a soybean-fodder maize intercropping system, whether fodder maize will be cultivated for green feeding or for silage production, it is recommended that sowing is delayed until 30 days after the soybean, in order to maximize yield advantage and land use efficiency.

A two-year field study was carried out at the Agricultural Experiment Station, Alexandria University in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 winter seasons to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of humic acid (HA) (0 and 2.4 kg/ha) and both Fe and Zn micronutrients (0, 480 and 960 g/ha of FeSO4 and/or ZnSO4, respectively) on three durum wheat cultivars (Casino, Bani Sweif6 and Sohag3). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications, where combinations of HA levels and cultivars occupied the main plots, while combinations of Fe and Zn levels were randomly allocated to the sub plots. Bani Sweif6 was superior to the other two cultivars for all studied grain yield and yield components except for 100-grain weight. Application of humic acid increased grain yield of Bani Sweif6 and Sohag3, but negatively affected that of Casino. Application of 480 g/ha of both FeSO4 and ZnSO4 gave the highest values with HA application in Bani Sweif6 and Sohag3, and without HA application for Casino. It is recommended to spray Bani Sweif6 and Sohag3 with 2.4 kg/ha HA and 480 g/ha of both Fe and Zn, while more studies are needed to determine the suitable level of HA spraying for Casino cultivar.