The COVID-19 pandemic increase the use of distance learning while studies have shown that there is insufficient digital knowledge among students in distance leaning as they do not adequately use technology as a digital citizenship indicator, while the awareness and knowledge of digital citizenship among teachers and students remains a key criterion for improving distance learning that mainly depends on information technology. Therefore, this study comes up to examine the awareness and knowledge of students and faculty of digital citizenship in distance environment by focusing on two different higher academic institutions, namely the Al-Quds Open University (QOU) in the Palestinian territories and the University of Kyrenia (KU) in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in 2020, using interview, descriptive analysis, and Z-test Technique. The results revealed that students and faculty in both institutions were aware of the digital citizenship concepts, but lacked the in-depth knowledge and understanding of concepts such as digital rights, digital security, and digital ethics. Furthermore, the awareness and knowledge of digital citizenship among KU students are higher than QOU students. Faculty in both institutions agreed with the importance of integrating digital citizenship practices such as digital rights, digital security, and digital ethics into elearning curriculum.

Although Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) is rapidly evolving, there is still a lack of research synthesis and systematic meta-analysis. The effectiveness of mobile devices for language learning under various conditions remains unclear. A limited study is carried out on how the latest smartphone devices effectively teach and learn. Mobile technology is the most Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tool used in our daily life for different purposes, including educational purposes. For instance, Mobile Technology (MT) has been significantly used for learning languages because today's students tend to use this technology frequently and almost every hour. This research aimed to explore the effects of mobile devices in foreign language learning and present the sample studies conducted between 2014 and 2021; 100 articles were chosen from Google Scholar, ResearchGate and Science Direct database through using different search keywords. The results of the research revealed that the most examined studies were published in Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. The university students were selected as sample groups in these articles, and that most articles used the experimental research design. The findings also showed that English was the most foreign language examined in these articles, and WhatsApp is the most mobile application used in these articles.

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Digital citizenship attempts to assist the younger generation in making prudent and acceptable decisions in various digital contexts. Society’s disregard for digital citizenship has negative consequences, including cyberbullying and other crimes. Therefore, this study investigates the approaches and methodologies utilized in digital citizenship by conducting a thorough literature review. The research analyzed three academic databases comprising papers from some of the most esteemed periodicals. Each search engine was provided with the keywords “digital citizenship”, “digital literacy”, “digital native,” and “digital citizenship-related approaches.” The search was limited to articles having “digital citizenship” and “citizenships” in the title, abstract, and body. To ensure that individual results were extracted from each database, duplicate articles were manually removed in a cascade fashion from one database to the next. Digital citizenship encompasses a far more extensive set of skills than computer or media literacy. This is due to citizens’ enthusiasm for digital technologies in industrialized nations such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. Problem-solving, security, information processing and innovation, and content communication are related to digital citizenship. Despite its value, this appraisal has a few drawbacks. According to the findings, implementing digital citizenship solutions proved challenging. Future research should employ mixed method approaches to understand better digital citizenship acceptance and uptake based on the findings of this study.

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