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Electronic industry needs innovation to survive, and also to compete internationally. This study examines factors that can enhance technical innovation of companies in the electronic industry of Iran. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between human resource management practices, transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, and innovation of the large and major electronic companies.More specifically, the research attempts to examine whether knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between human resource management practices and transformational leadership with innovation. A quantitative research approach was used in this study. A cross-sectional correlational research design was used.The sample for this study was drawn from a population of 23,704 employees (managers, engineers, and expert technicians) of eight largest electronic companies in Iran using stratified sampling method. The sample size was 376.After exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to test the hypothetical model. The Findings asserts that only two HRM practices (training and participation) and three transformational leadership components (vision, intellectual stimulation and personal recognition) have significant impacts on innovation. Besides, knowledge sharing has significant and positive impact on innovation.Out of five HRM practices, training, staffing, participation have significant and positive impacts on knowledge sharing while intellectual stimulation, and personal recognition(as transformational leadership components) have significant and positive impacts.Finally, knowledge sharing merely mediated the relationships of training, participation, vision and personal recognition with innovation.

One of the most famous concepts in strategic human resource management (SHRM) is human resource management (HRM) practices. Various researches by famous scholars have shown that HRM practices have the potential to affect organizational performance. Besides, performance of an organization has different aspects for example balanced scorecard (BSC) considers four perspectives for performance and they are Financial, Customer, Internal Process and Learning and Growth.However, companies aim to balance performance of the HRM practices based on their goals, so they need to know the intensity of implementing each practice. In this regard, this study attempts to forecast the impact of each group of practices on organizational performance (BSC's perspectives) before implementation. For this purpose, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Logic will be used in combination. In other words, this combination will highlight the most proper group of HRM practices for the desired performance.

Knowledge sharing is one of the important factors in knowledge-based industries due to the fact that knowledge sharing can result in knowledge creation (Noanaka, Umemoto, & Seonoo, 1996) and innovation (Kamsak & Bulutlar, 2010; Wang & Wang, 2012). Thus, by considering that innovation can impact different dimensions of performance (financial and non-financial), (Cohen, 2010), increasing knowledge sharing is one of the necessities in any type of company. Knowledge sharing can be relevant to individual tendency for donating and collecting knowledge (Van Den Hoof & De Ridder, 2004) Different researches have been conducted about influential factors on knowledge sharing. Such researches have emphasized on environmental factors, motivational factors, individual factors, etc. (Wang & Noe, 2010; Li & Poon, 2011) that among such factors, many different theories such as social capital, resource-based review (RBV) and social exchange can be observed. Through narrowing these factors according to available concepts in human resource management (HRM) and organizational behavior, HRM practices have key role on increasing knowledge sharing. HRM practices have strategic contribution (Lengnick-Hall, Lengnick-Hall, Andrade, & Drake, 2009) as well as previous researches (Huselid, 1995; Wright, Gardner, & Moynihan, 2003; Chen & Huang, 2009) regarding RBV theory have the capability to impact employee behavior in case of sharing knowledge. Fong, Ooi, Tan, and Lee (2011), studied impact of HRM practices (training, staffing, performance appraisal, team work and reward) on knowledge sharing as gap of previous researches. Results demonstrated that HRM practices have a key role on improving knowledge sharing. If we consider talent as one of the knowledge resources or as a scope for dependent researches to impact of talent on sharing knowledge, so according to conducted research by Gelen et al. (2013) role of justice will be highlighted in case of relationship between HRM practices and knowledge sharing. It will result to the fact that existed interaction between equity theory (Pritchard, 1969) and underlying theories of researches will become important. There was little focus about this subject in previous researches. However, Khanmohammdi (2014) also emphasized on moderating role of justice in case of relationship between IT, management support, training and reward and knowledge sharing. Universities of Malaysia currently attempt to improve their position in global ranking. One of the helpful aspects for improving scientific level of universities is utilizing of high potential of lecturers. In this regard, improving knowledge sharing level among lecturers results in science creation (Khanomohammadi, 2014). Through considering lecturers as talents and also importance of knowledge sharing among them, it is necessary to clarify role of HRM practices and justice. Hence, this research aims to examine what is the relationship between HRM practices, perceived justice, and knowledge sharing in the Malaysian universities. 2. Hypotheses Development 2...