Objective: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease that affects all financial, social and emotional aspects of individuals, families, and society in general. The pain caused by this disease can have devastating effects on patients and their careers, and thus the quality of their lives. This study aimed at verifying the level of pain in multiple sclerosis [MS] patients before and after the application of a progressive muscle relaxation technique [PMRT]. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial study, 70 MS patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 35 patients each. The experimental group received PMRT training for 3 months in 90 sessions, whereas the control group did not. Current pain was evaluated using self-reported questionnaires before and after the intervention. After 3 months, a questionnaire was completed by subjects in both the experimental and control groups. The data were then analyzed through inferential statistical tests. Results: The independent t test indicated that there was no significant difference in the amount of subjective pain perceived by experimental and control groups before the intervention [p40.05], while the same test showed a significant difference in the pain experienced following the intervention [p ¼ 0.001]. The paired t test within groups also showed a significant reduction in the pain perceived by the patients in the experimental group 3 months after the intervention [p ¼ 0.001], while no significant difference was seen in the amount of pain experienced by patients in the control group [p40.05]. There were no adverse events. Conclusion: The progressive muscle relaxation technique used in this study is practical, feasible and inexpensive with no side effects

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Two new bis(bidentate) azine ligands were prepared by linking (1 Z ,1 Z)-1,1 -{butane-1,4-diylbis[oxybenzene-4,1-diyl(1 Z) eth-1-yl-1-ylidene]}dihydrazine to salicylaldehyde and pyridine-2-carbaldehyde, 1,4-bis{4-and 1,4-bis{4-{(1 E) -1-((2E) -(pyridine-2-ylmethylidene)hydrazonylidene)ethyl}phenoxy}butane (L 2 ), respectively. Two kinds of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes with different ligands were prepared. Reaction of H 2 L 1 with Cu(II) and Ni(II) acetate with 1:1 molar ratio gave double stranded binuclear bis(azine) complexes with stoichiometry [M(L 1 )] 2 containing {M II N 2 O 2 } centers. On the other hand, 1:1 molar ratio reaction of Cu(II) and Ni(II) chloride with L 2 yielded mononuclear metal complexes with general stoichiometry [M(L 2 )Cl 2 ] containing {M II N 2 N 2 } centers. The structures of both bis(azine) ligands and complexes were identified by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, UV-Vis electronic absorption spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and TGA. DNA binding and DNA cleavage activities of the mononuclear complexes of L 2 , [M(L 2 )Cl 2 ] were examined by using UV-Vis titration and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The results indicate that mononuclear complexes, especially [Cu(L 2) Cl 2 ], bind significantly calf thymus DNA and cleaves pBR322 DNA. Furthermore, the complexing properties of the bis-azine ligands toward selected transition metal cations and dichromate anions were also reported. It was found that bis(azine) ligands have high extraction ability towards dichromate anions.

Background and aim:Nutrition is a key factor in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease because kidney burden decrease causes uremic reduction and its side effects. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of diet education on blood pressure changes and interdialytic weight in Hemodialysis patients admitted to Hemodialysis ward of Hajar hospital in Shahrekord.Methods:This quasi-experimental and interventional study of 100 dialysis patients referred to Hemodialysis ward of Hajar hospital was performed in a pre-test and post-test in 2011. Diet education, including face to face training with instruction booklets, were conducted in the two sessions. Having carried out the educational program, blood pressure and interdialytic weight gain were measured and recorded one month before and during three stages and after the educational program by researcher-designed checklists. The data were analyzed through SPSS 16 software by Paired t-test and ANOVA.Results:The results showed that mean of primary weight of the patients increase from 66.15±15.10 to 64.43±14.67. Mean of Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients in three stages were reduced to 6.65±1.51 mmg 2.24±1.82 mmg respectively. There was a significant difference between the creatinine amount in patients before and after of training (p≤0.01) but no meaningful difference was observed between the BUN amount before and after of training (p≤0.031).Conclusion:training to patients underwent hemodialysis in order to observe diet and its effects on improvement in treatment are of significant importance.

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, in the nations which possess an advanced health system, the pharmacies of the hospitals and their pharmacist staff play a critical role in the medication therapy process. 1 The pharmacy department of the hospital must interact with other departments of the hospital through internal computer network so as to have a complete supervision over the status of the patients and ABSTRACT Background: On average, 40% of the gross income of each country is devoted to the health care with medication expenditures accounting for 19% of the total expenses. Less than ¼ of the medication expenditures is allocated to the inpatients department. The measures taken regarding the management of expenditures when selecting and implementing the strategies for managing medication expenditures have made the pharmacists to take the quality issues as well as the safety of the patients into account. Methods: The present research intends to explore the expenditures of effectiveness of Pharmacy Information System (PIS) for the medication services as far as effectiveness of delivered services is concerned in some selected hospitals in the city of Isfahan, Iran. The present research of applied and descriptive-analytical nature was conducted in the hospitals in the City of Isfahan, Iran. Instruments used for collecting data included self designed checklist conforming to the guidelines of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) the validity of which was assessed based on the viewpoints of the expert professors. The data gathered by interview and observation methods. Then, they were analyzed using non-parametric tests of Mann-Whitney and the Wilcoxon tests and SPSS software (11.5 version). Results: The highest rate of the expenditures of the effectiveness of the pharmacy information system belonged to the teaching hospitals with a mean score of 48.5%, while the lowest rate was found to be for private hospitals with a mean score of 28.1%. Based on the findings of the Wilcoxon test, no statistically significant difference was observed among the hospitals in terms of effectiveness-related expenditures. Conclusions: Given the results of the study, it can be noted that a successful plan for managing the medication-related expenditures must be information-based.