Objective: To determine the ddiagnostic accuracy of susceptibility weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SW-MRI) for glioblastoma diagnosis by taking biopsy as gold standard. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at department of Radiology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi from June to December 2017. Total 114 cases with focal neurological deficit, seizures, stroke and CT scan findings of a mass with irregular thick margins and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure were enrolled. All the study subjects undergone SWI MRI. Brain biopsy was done during the same period of hospitalization. All the data was collected by study proforma and analysis of data was done by SPSS version 26 Results: Total 114 cases were studied and mean age of the cases was 50.64+10.37 years. Males were in majority 60.5% and females were 39.5%. Lesion average size was 4.34 cm. Glioblastoma was diagnosed among 68.4% cases on SW-MRI, while its was diagnosed among 71.1% study subjects by biopsy. SW-MRI showed sensitivity 90.1%, specificity 84.8%, PPV 93.5%, NPV 77.7% and diagnostic accuracy was found 88.59%. Conclusion: The SW-MRI was observed to be the best diagnostic tool for glioblastoma with diagnostic accuracy of 88.59%, sensitivity 90.1% and specificity 84.8%. This diagnostic tool may helpful to indorse the expected diagnosis in clinical practice.

Introduction: COVID-19 has infected people all over the world. By the end of November 2020, it was confirmed that about 67M people were suffering from COVID-19 and almost 1.7 million people had died due to it. The symptoms of COVID-19 had a wide range from mild upper respiratory indications to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Certain factors of COVID-19 include old age, males, hypertension, and diabetes. Aim: To detect and predict those patients who would develop lung fibrosis after Covid-19 infection as early introduction of anti-fibrotic drugs can be started. Methodology: Overall, 85 individuals were involved in this study. Patients who were having COVID-19, confirmed by PCR, were examined by follow-up MDCT. CT scan was performed and similar research was involved with some follow-up data that include residual fibrotic changes and different radiological signs. Some risk factors were predicted that were said to be the source of lung fibrosis after COVID-19. These factors include cigarette smoking, old age, CT severity score being high and mechanical ventilation in the long term. Results: The analysis of 85 patients, from which males were 43 and females were 42. Their age varied from 24 to 76 years old. A total of 30 (37.5%) individuals had a history of cigarette smoking of more than 25 cigarettes per day for more than ten years. People in the age group 60 to 76 years old had the highest commonness of getting post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. About 15 out of thirty-two patients, which is 46.2 percent, had pulmonary fibrosis. Patients of the age group 45 to 60 years had mild prevalence which is 7 out of 27 patients (25.9 percent). Conclusion: If post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis is detected early in individuals, there may be some changes to prevent such long-term complications.

Thyroid nodules are solid lumps filled with fluid that develop inside the thyroid gland. Due to their small size, the majority of them go undetected and are asymptomatic. However, some of them are cancerous. Objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of Fine needle aspiration followed by histopathology and sonographic features of thyroid nodule Methods: In this study, 274 participants were included. All of them were detected with the solitary euthyroid nodule. All the patients considered in the present study had normal values of T4 and TSH as euthyroid nodules were supposed to be studied. All the participants were subjected to undergo a USG as per the TIRADS system and FNAC wherever it was applicable. The biopsy report of the excised sample was considered a gold standard. Result: The classification of FNAC was more specific than the TIRADS system, however, the sensitivity of both the classification was the same. Micro-calcification was most specific and sensitive in the individuals that underwent a USG. Irregular margins had a specificity of 88% and nodules taller-than-wider in shape were 91% specificity. A total of 7 patients had shown benign features on cytology, whereas, they were suspiciously malignant on USG (TIRADES 4 and 5) and showed malignancy in final evaluation after the surgery. Conclusion: The sensitivity of both FNAC and USG in the diagnosis of malignancy of thyroid nodule is equal, however, the specificity of FNA is more (90%). FNAC is a minimally invasive procedure that can be opted for the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions with an accuracy of 86%. Patients showing high-risk features on sonography are subjected to repeat the FNAC and they should also be referred for a surgical biopsy to make a definitive diagnosis.