Estrogen is a steroid hormone produced by the ovaries. Estrogen is a hormone that triggers collagensynthesis by fibroblast.Collagen has affects for thickness of dermis.Estrogen deficiency can lead disruptioncollagen synthesis, so has an impact on decline dermis thickness. Unilateral ovariectomy is the act ofremoval of one ovary in the female reproductive system and is a model for estrogen deficiency. Thecondition of estrogen deficiency can be overcome by giving phytoestrogens. Black soybean seed is one ofphytoestrogens source. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of black soybean extract afterovariectomy on increasing on dermis thickness (Mus musculus L.). The dosage of black soybean ethanolextract used was 0.31 g / ml / day and 0.63 g / ml / day administered orally (gavage) for 20 days. The resultsshowed a dose of 0.31 g / ml / day may and 0.63 g / ml / day increase dermis thickness of mice.
Estrogen production can be reduced due to menopause and ovariectomy. Decreased estrogen levels in the body cause physiological changes in the female reproductive system. Therefore, the intake of estrogen from outside the body is needed, in this case phytoestrogens from soy bean extract can be used to replace the role of endogenous estrogen. The study used 30 Swiss Webster mice (Mus musculus) aged 90 days weighing 35 grams which were unilateral ovariectomy. Mice are ready to be used as test animals after an estrogen deficiency period of 60 days. Mice are ready to be used as test animals after an estrogen deficiency period of 60 days. Mice were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, dose 0.21, 0.42, and 0.63 g/mL/day . Data obtained from the results of the study were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test with a confidence level of 99% or α = 0.01. Based on the results of the study, the administration of black soybean flour extract in unilateral ovariectomy mice can increase the average number of primordial follicles at doses of 0.42 g/ml/day and dosage 0.63 g/ml/day, primary follicles at a dose of 0.42 g/ml/day and doses of 0.63 g/ml/day, and secondary follicles at a dose of 0.63 g / ml / day, and tend to increase the average number of primordial follicles at doses of 0.21 g/ml/day, follicles primary at doses of 0.21 g/ml/day, secondary follicles at doses of 0.21 g/ml/day and 0.42 g/ml/day, de Graaf follicles at doses of 0.21, 0. 42 and 0.63 g/ml/day.
Methoxychlor (MXC) is an insecticide (DDT derivates) that has the potential for bioaccumulation in mammal and causes a disruptive effect on the hepar and reproductive system. This study was done to find out the benefits of curcumin as a natural ingredient to overcome the negative impact of Methoxychlor (MXC) on hepar and male reproductive organ of Balb’C mice (Mus musculus L). The study was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Posttest Only Control Group Design used four treatments and six replications. The curcumin treatment after administration of MXC was carried out by gavage with curcumin doses: 0.05; 0,1; and 0.2 mg/g body weight, every day for two weeks, respectively. Histological observations of the liver, and testis was performed using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin Eosin stained. The results showed that MXC exposure caused liver disruption by increasing the number of pycnotic necrotic hepatocytes and hydrophic degeneration hepatocytes. On the male reproductive organ, MXC caused testis impairment by reducing the number of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells, spermatogenic cell counts, and the diameter of seminiferous tubules. The administration of curcumin at doses of 0.1 mg/g bw in mice exposed to methoxychlor can reduce the number of hydrophic degeneration hepatocytes and tend to reduce the number of pycnotic hepatocytes; and also increase the number of Sertoli cells, the number of spermatogenic cells, and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, and tend to reduce the amount of Leydig cells. Curcumin treatment tends to recover hepar dan testis disruption of mice that were exposed by MXC.
Effect of the cocoa crude extract on mortality of breast cancer cell lines i.e. MCF-7, T47D and normal cell (Vero), was observed. Crude cocoa extract prepared from a freshly dried cocoa bean that was containing 14% catechin and 0.6% caffeine. Catechin and caffeine content were modulated to 2-folds (28% catechin or 1.2% caffeine) and 3-folds (42% catechin or 1.8% caffeine) by adding pure compounds. Extracts were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at concentrations ranging from 200 to 1600 μg/ml. The positive control was doxorubicin (0.5-16 μg/ml in DMSO). Cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, and Vero) were incubated in test sample for 24h at 37°, prior to 3-(4,4-dimetylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The absorbance of each well was measured at 550 nm, and lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated. The cocoa extract induced mortality of breast cancer cell lines but not in Vero cells. The effect on MCF-7 was greater than on T47D, given the LC50 was 1236 μg/ml (MCF-7) and 1893 μg/ml (T47D). Cytotoxic potential of cocoa extract was much lower than doxorubicin whose LC50 was 0,777 μg/ml (MCF-7) and 0,082 μg/ml (T47D). Increasing catechin content to 2-folds did not significantly affect LC50 value, but 3-folds catechin content reduced LC50 to 1021 μg/ml. Meanwhile increasing caffeine content to 2-folds significantly reduced LC50 to 750 μg/ml, however, 3-fold content resulted in slightly higher LC50 at 780 μg/ml. This indicates that cocoa extract have anti-cancer potential, and purification may improve this property.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizome contains antioxidant compounds that can prevent damage to the liver. Thioacetamide (TAA) is an organosulfur compound in the form of crystals and is widely used as a fungicide and organic solvent in the textile, leather and paper industries, as well as being used as a motor fuel stabilizer. Continuous exposure to TAA compounds can cause hepatocyte damage in the form of parenchymatous degeneration and necrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizome extract on the histological appearance of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) liver after being induced by TAA. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into 4 groups, namely: K- (no treatment), K+ (TAA induced 200 mg/kg BW), D1 (TAA induced 200 mg/kg BW + administration of turmeric rhizome extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW), and D2 (TAA induction of 200 mg/kg BW + turmeric rhizome extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW). TAA induction was carried out intraperitoneally, while administration of turmeric rhizome extract was carried out by gavage. Preparation of liver histology preparations using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining to see liver damage including parenchymatous degeneration and necrosis. The results showed that administration of turmeric rhizome extract doses of 200 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW had a significant effect on decreasing the average number of hepatocytes undergoing parenchymatous degeneration and necrosis after being induced by TAA at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW.
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