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IntroductionThe presence of an additional root canal in the maxillary central incisor is extremely rare. A number of studies of root canal anatomy have described that the maxillary central incisor has only one root and one canal in 100% of examined cases (1-4), with variations only in the number of lateral canals and the position of the apical foramen. Some clinical reports have described a maxillary central incisor with two canals or two roots (5-14). Only one report has described endodontic treatment of a very unusual maxillary central incisor that had dens invagination and four canals (15). Here we report the features and endodontic therapy of a very rare example of a maxillary central incisor with three canals in a single root. Case Report and ResultsAn 11-year-old male patient without any remarkable medical history was referred to the Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad, Iran. His maxillary right central incisor had suffered a traumatic complicated crown fracture 2 weeks previously. Clinical examination revealed that approximately 3 mm of the incisal edge of the tooth had been broken horizontally. There was spontaneous and severe pain due to cold, heat, and mastication, and the tooth was also tender to percussion and palpation. However, there was no mobility or crown discoloration and the pocket depth was normal. The adjacent teeth gave normal responses to cold, heat, and electrical stimulation of the pulp, percussion, palpation and mobility tests. Radiographic examination showed one root and three root canals that converged in the apical third with no periapical changes (Fig. 1). This anatomical variation of the root canal was also evident in the patient's other maxillary incisors.Journal of Oral Science, Vol. 49, No. 3, 245-247, 2007 Correspondence

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of apexogenesis with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in traumatised anterior and carious posterior teeth over 5 years. A comprehensive chart review was performed to obtain a retrospective of sequential previously completed cases with recalls. Clinical and radiographic data were collected for 97 vital immature teeth (40 traumatised anterior and 57 carious posterior teeth) pulpotomised (partial or full pulpotomy) using MTA with an average follow‐up time of 5 years. Chi‐squared test and Fisher’s exact test were implemented to analyse data. The success rate in anterior teeth and posterior teeth was 82.5% and 96.4% respectively. Crown discolouration was observed in 25 (62.5%) anterior teeth. There was a significant difference between the number of successful and unsuccessful cases (P < 0.05) and there was no correlation between type of treatment and success/failure (P > 0.05). The success rate of apexogenesis using MTA in immature teeth was relatively high.