The main aim of this study is to investigate Aganonerion polymorphum leaf-ethyl acetate extract (APL-EAE) and its inhibiting effect for steel in ethanol fuel blend. The immersion test, electrochemical and surface analysis techniques were successfully carried out in this research. Scanning electron microscope images indicated that the ethanol fuel blend induced pitting corrosion of steel. Remarkably, the surface of the sample containing 1000 ppm APL-EAE is smoother than the others submerged in different conditions. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy result shows that APL-EAE has formed a good protective layer, preventing corrosive factors from hitting the steel surface. The potentiodynamic polarization data argue that the corrosion inhibition efficiency was strengthened with the increase of APL-EAE concentration. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated less intensity of Fe peaks, higher intensity of C1s peak and the appearance of organic peaks (N1s, P2p, O1s) from specimens with and without APL-EAE addition. Therefore, the results suggest the formation of the protective film on steel surface and affirm that APL-EAE has served as an effective corrosion inhibitor for steel in ethanol fuel blend.

Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduced bone mass, which results in increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Many osteoporotic patients have already lost a substantial amount of bone; therefore, a method of increasing bone mass by stimulating new bone formation is required. Bone is composed of mineralized organic matrix and bone cells. Osteoblasts are the active mature bone cells that synthesize the organic matrix and regulate its mineralization. Accelerated osteoblast growth and protein synthesis are the key factors for efficient bone repair. 1) Hormones, which regulate the calcium balance in the body, are used for the treatment of osteoporosis. The main action mechanism of these agents is the inhibition of bone resorption. However, a substance that inhibits bone resorption while stimulating bone formation would be more suitable for the treatment of bone diseases. There are several reports demonstrating improvement in clinical association with the use of traditional medicines in the treatment of fractures.2) Despite encouraging preliminary reports, basic sciences and clinical reports justifying the clinical application of specific traditional medicines are still not well established.Many plant-derived substances have been used as drugs for the treatment of various diseases since ancient times, and traditional oriental therapies are rich in phytotherapeutic regimens. These medications have fewer side effects and are more suitable for long-term use as compared to chemically synthesized medications. Plants belonging to the family Magnoliaceae are well known as rich sources of phenyl derivatives type neolignan and biphenyl ethers, which showed antimicrobial, muscle-relaxant, antifungal and cytotoxic activities.3-5) Manglietia phuthoensis DANDY (Magnolia phuthoensis DANDY), belonging to Magnoliaceae family, are woody trees distributed in northern Vietnam. In Vietnamese traditional medicine, the plant is used as an anti-inflammatory agent.6) Up to date, no study on phytochemistry and bioactivities of this plant has been reported.We report herein on the isolation and structural elucidation of two new phenyl glycosides, mangliesides A and B (1, 2), a new ionol glycoside, manglieside C (3), two new lignan glycosides, mangliesides D and E (4, 5), and two known compounds as 3-methoxymagnolol (6) and obovatol (7) from the leaves of M. phuthoensis. In an attempt to find pure lead compounds from plant origins to prevent bone loss without serious adverse side effects, we examined the effect of isolated compounds on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, which has been well-characterized as an in vitro model for osteoblast differentiation. 7) Results and DiscussionsManglieside A (1) was isolated as a white amorphous powder, its molecular formula was suggested as C 15 A and B (1, 2), a new ionol glycoside, manglieside C (3), two new lignan glycosides, mangliesides D and E (4, 5), were isolated from the leaves of Manglietia phuthoensis, along with two known lignans, 3-methoxymagnolol (6) and obovatol (7). Their struc...

Six flavonoids, including one flavan-3-ol epicatechin (1), one flavone glycoside apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), three flavones namely dimethylchrysin (3), trimethylapigenin (4) and luteolin (5) and one flavonol quercetin (6) were isolated from the hexane and chloroform extracts of the leaves of Sterculia foetida Linn. collected in Binh Thuan Province by using various chromatographic methods. Their chemical structures were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data as well as physical properties with those in literature. Compounds 1-4 were obtained for the first time in Sterculia genus.

A new glycoside, recurvataside (1) and six known compounds, quinovic acid (2), quinovic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylquinovic acid (4), 3-O-β-Dglucopyranosylquinovic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), pomolic acid (6), and ursolic acid (7) were isolated from aerial parts of Mussaenda recurvata. The structure of compound 1 was identified from its spectroscopic data and by comparison with the literature.Recurvataside represents the first occurrence of δ-oleanolic acid saponin bearing two Dglucose units at C-3 and C-28 in nature. This is the first time δ-oleanane-type saponin reported in the genus Mussaenda. Compounds 1-7 were evaluated the cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines MCF-7 and HepG2. Among them, only compound 7 exhibited moderate activity against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines with IC 50 value of 16.97 ± 1.55 and 20.28 ± 1.00 μM, respectively. Compounds 1-7 were also tested for their inhibitory NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 3, 5, and 7 showed significant reduction of nitrite accumulation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with the IC 50 values of 8. 81 ± 0.48, 13.42 ± 0.84, and 18.37 ± 0.67 μM, respectively

The analog α–amino phosphates (5 a–j) based on phenothiazine were synthesized, characterized and tested for their anti‐microbial and antioxidant activities. Among the target compounds, (5 a–j), the compounds (5 c) and (5 i) indicated the potential activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacterium at the concentration of 100 μM. Compound (5e) showed good activity against the 100 μM Candida albicans fungi while compound (5 g) showed excellent activity against 25 μM Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi. In addition, molecular docking study was used to establish the interactive binding behavior of (5 g) within the active site of the target protein (PDB:3 A4 A). Among the tested compounds (5 a–j), the compound (5 f) indicated the highest antioxidant activity, IC50 2.19 μM, antioxidant activity greater than that of ascorbic acid and lower than that of the drug BHT. In particular, PEG–400 (Polythylene glycol 400 g mol−1) was used in the Kabachnik‐Fields reaction as a green reaction medium.