Kiln rollers, which are widely used in ceramic tiles production, are usually subjected to surface grinding to remove the contaminations. The resulted fine powder is considered useless waste and a hazardous source of environmental pollution particularly as it contains health‐threatening fine free silica. In the present paper, the grind waste from kiln rollers was reused as raw material in the fabrication of nanofiltration ceramic membrane. The samples of produced ceramic membranes were formed into disks by adding 15% (by weight) organic binder solution with 2% concentration, then pressed at 35 MPa, dried and fired at temperatures range from 1100°C to 1300°C for 1 hour soaking time. It was found that the best firing temperature to produce nanofiltration ceramic membrane is 1250°C, where the ceramic membrane provides high removal of turbidity and high monovalent, divalent, and trivalent salts separation percentage.

The agriculture wastes are considered as a big environmental problem. The main purpose of this research is to determine the possibility of producing fired clay bricks from a mixture of agriculture wastes in addition to other wastes. The first type of wastes is the cullet while the second type is the wastes is the waste clay bricks (Homra) and the third is an agricultural residue obtained from wheat and sugarcane cultivation. The first step of the experimental work is performing XRF and sieve analysis for raw materials. Brick samples with Cubic shape with dimensions 50 × 50 × 50 mm3 were formed by 1 MPa dry pressing then drying at 120 oC overnight. Tile samples were fired at temperatures of 850 oC for 15 min soaking time. Water absorption, apparent porosity, and mechanical properties were determined and compared to ES 4763 / 2006 and ASTM C 62 / 2013 standards. According to the previous experimental work, it was found that the samples that has a composition (38 % Desert clay, 20% Homra, 10% cullet, 15% Wheat ash straw, 17% sugarcane) has the optimum properties with respect to ES 4763 / 2006 and ASTM C 62 / 2013 standards.

World's energy sources like petrochemical oils, natural gas and coal cause global warming and environmental pollution. Therefore, the traditional energy sources must be replaced by the renewable energy resources. Biodiesel has been recognized as one of the effective, green, renewable and sustainable fuels. This paper investigates the production of biodiesel from sun ower oil by using electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) as a heterogeneous solid catalyst. Four reaction variables i.e. the reaction time, methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, reaction temperature, and EAFD loading were chosen to determine their effect on biodiesel production. The effect of the all reaction variables on the biodiesel yield was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). A relation has been developed representing the biodiesel conversion as function of all the independent variables. Reaction conditions optimization have been studied for the biodiesel yield maximization and the reaction conditions minimization. The optimum biodiesel yield equals 96 % at reaction temperature of 57 o C, Methanol to oil molar ratio of 20:1, and reaction time of 1h, and EAFD loading of 5%.

The novelty of this research is the synthesis and comparison of a soft liquid composite shield made from two different Shear Thickening Fluids (STFs) / Polyamide fabric composite material and choosing the best one for impact resistance based on characterization and performance. The STFs microstructural properties are characterized, and STF / Polyamide composites are prepared while testing their ballistic resistance using an air gun with intermediate velocities (<100 m/s) for energy absorption. Materials used for this purpose are fumed silica with polyethylene glycol (PEG) STF and starch with water STF based dispersions. The results confirmed the superior performance of STF to absorb energy, especially for starch and water system. The rheological properties for starch/water STF showed higher viscosity than silica/PEG reaching 523.6 Pa.s and 178.9 Pa.s respectively. Other characterization tests proved the superior performance of starch with water STF leading to more dispersion stability and obvious thickening effect at higher particle concentration leading to a greater jump in viscosity at sudden shear rate. The highest concentration of silica/PEG STF/fabric showed improvement in indentation depth by 26.9%, while the starch/water STF by 43.6%. These results show the viability of the STF/Polyamide composite material if integrated for personal protection applications.

Agricultural wastes are a big source for environmental pollution so it’s a good choice to recycle them so as to get an environmental and economic benefit. The purpose of this research is to determine the possibility of recycling two types of agriculture wastes obtained from wheat and sugarcane cultivation in addition to broken glass (cullet) as raw materials for ceramic wall tiles production. The used agriculture wastes are the agricultural residue obtained from wheat and sugarcane cultivation. The experimental work starts with performing XRF and sieve analysis for all raw materials. Ceramic wall tiles specimens were made with dimensions 110.4 × 55.4 × 8 mm3 using 27 MPa dry pressing then dried at 120 oC overnight, then fired using firing temperatures equal to 1100 oC or 1150 oC during 15 min soaking time. Water absorption, apparent porosity, and mechanical properties were done to compare them with ISO standards. According to the previous experimental work, it was found that the samples with the composition (10% Cullet, 15% Wheat ash straw, 20% sugarcane) for samples that fired at 1150 oC or (10% Cullet, 13% Wheat ash straw, 18% sugarcane) for samples that fired at 1100 oC has the optimum properties.