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Serum ferritin levels are a promising indicator of the development of encephalopathy in HUS.

Although rituximab (RTX) is a promising therapeutic agent for treating steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) resistant to various immunosuppressive agents, some patients have shown resistance to RTX. We report the case of a patient with RTX-resistant nephrotic syndrome and SRNS who was successfully treated with leukocytapheresis (LCAP). After LCAP, there was a significant reduction in proteinuria and in the total number of lymphocytes, T cells, and HLA-DR activated T cells. Moreover, the patient became sensitive to steroids and RTX. LCAP reduced circulating immune cells including activated T cells and could be effective in treating rituximab-resistant nephrotic syndrome and SRNS and in achieving remission of proteinuria.

period of oxygen supplementation was found in newborns with TTN. Newborns who needed oxygen supplementation for 20 or 60 days were included in this analysis ( fig. 4b). Can these newborns be diagnosed with TTN? It is possible that these patients developed an additional disease, not TTN alone. The definition of TTN is not always consistent, but it should be precisely defined in order to enable meaningful discussion of study results. Furthermore, we should make efforts to establish a consistent definition of TTN so that all future studies can use the same definition. AcknowledgmentThe authors declare no conflicts of interest. References1 Ochi F, Higaki T, Ohta M et al. Procalcitonin as a marker of respiratory disorder in neonates.